Exposure to alkylphenols during early pregnancy and the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus: Fetal sex-specific effects

IF 6.2 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
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Abstract

Alkylphenols (APs) may cause gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in pregnant women by impairing glucose metabolism through endocrine disruption. However, the current literature has limited epidemiological evidence on the association between APs exposure and the risk of GDM, especially the lack of evidence on joint exposure. Thus, we evaluated the effect of exposure to APs during early pregnancy on the risk of GDM. The study involved 2035 pregnant women from Guangxi Zhuang Birth Cohort (GZBC) in China. Poisson regression model, restricted cubic spline (RCS), Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR), and quantile g-computation (Qgcomp) were conducted to evaluate the effects of serum APs levels on the risk of GDM in pregnant women. For each Ln-unit increase in the serum nonylphenol (NP) of pregnant women, the adjusted relative risk (RR) for GDM risk was 1.12 (95 % CI: 1.00, 1.24). After sex stratification, the effect was more pronounced among pregnant women carrying female fetuses(RR=1.22; 95 % CI: 1.09, 1.38). The serum 4-t-octylphenol (4-T-OP) of the medium-exposure (adjusted RR = 3.25: 95 % CI: 1.30, 8.12) and high-exposure groups (adjusted RR = 2.90: 95 % CI: 1.15, 7.31) were related to a significantly increased risk of GDM in pregnant women carrying female fetuses only when compared to the low-exposure group. A reverse U-shaped nonlinear association was found between 4-n-octylphenol (4-N-OP) and 4-n-nonylphenol (4-N-NP) concentrations and GDM risk, and it was more susceptible in pregnant women carrying female fetuses. The Qgcomp and BKMR models showed that exposure to APs mixtures was correlated with an elevated risk of GDM in pregnant women carrying female fetuses (adjusted OR = 1.90: 95 % CI: 1.07, 3.38). Exposure to APs during early pregnancy may have potential fetal sex-specific effects on the risk of GDM, with pregnant women carrying female fetuses being more susceptible.
孕早期接触烷基酚与妊娠糖尿病的风险:胎儿性别特异性影响
烷基酚(APs)可能会通过干扰内分泌来影响葡萄糖代谢,从而导致孕妇患上妊娠糖尿病(GDM)。然而,目前有关接触 APs 与 GDM 风险之间关系的流行病学证据有限,尤其是缺乏有关联合接触的证据。因此,我们评估了孕早期接触 APs 对 GDM 风险的影响。该研究涉及中国广西壮族出生队列(GZBC)中的 2035 名孕妇。研究采用泊松回归模型、限制性立方样条(RCS)、贝叶斯核机器回归(BKMR)和量子g计算(Qgcomp)来评估血清APs水平对孕妇GDM风险的影响。孕妇血清中壬基酚(NP)每增加一个 Ln 单位,GDM 风险的调整相对风险(RR)为 1.12(95 % CI:1.00,1.24)。性别分层后,怀有女胎的孕妇的影响更为明显(RR=1.22;95 % CI:1.09,1.38)。与低暴露组相比,中暴露组(调整后RR=3.25:95 % CI:1.30, 8.12)和高暴露组(调整后RR=2.90:95 % CI:1.15, 7.31)的血清4-T-辛基苯酚(4-T-OP)仅与怀有女胎的孕妇发生GDM的风险显著增加有关。在 4-正辛基苯酚(4-N-OP)和 4-正壬基苯酚(4-N-NP)浓度与 GDM 风险之间发现了反向 U 型非线性关系,而且怀有女性胎儿的孕妇更容易发生 GDM。Qgcomp 和 BKMR 模型显示,接触 APs 混合物与怀有女胎的孕妇发生 GDM 的风险升高相关(调整 OR = 1.90:95 % CI:1.07, 3.38)。孕早期接触杀伤性有机物可能会对胎儿性别特异性产生潜在影响,怀有女胎的孕妇更容易患上三高症。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
12.10
自引率
5.90%
发文量
1234
审稿时长
88 days
期刊介绍: Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety is a multi-disciplinary journal that focuses on understanding the exposure and effects of environmental contamination on organisms including human health. The scope of the journal covers three main themes. The topics within these themes, indicated below, include (but are not limited to) the following: Ecotoxicology、Environmental Chemistry、Environmental Safety etc.
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