Shallow drains and straw mulch alleviate multiple constraints to increase sunflower yield on a clay-textured saline soil I. Effects of decreased soil salinity, waterlogging and end-of-season drought

IF 4.5 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

European Journal of Agronomy Pub Date : 2024-11-04 DOI:10.1016/j.eja.2024.127416

Mohammad Nazrul Islam , Richard W. Bell , Edward G. Barrett-Lennard , Mohammad Maniruzzaman

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Abstract

A well-designed drainage system can alleviate soil salinity and waterlogging, leading to increased crop yield if the drainage does not cause a water shortage late in the growing season. We conducted three field experiments with sunflower across two dry seasons (Experiment I in 2019–20, and II and III in 2020–21) in a tropical landscape to examine the effectiveness of shallow drains and mulch in overcoming these constraints. In Experiment I, four surface drains of 0.1 or 0.2 m depth spaced 1.2 or 1.8 m apart were tested along with an undrained treatment. In Experiment II, the same four drainage treatments and an undrained treatment in the main plots were split into mulch (-M and +M) sub-plots. Experiment III had four main treatments, undrained, surface drains (SD; 0.1 m deep, 1.8 m apart), subsoil drains (SSD; 0.5 m deep, 4.5 m apart) and SSD+SD each split for mulch (-M and +M) sub-plots. At vegetative emergence and at the 8-leaf stage, all plots were inundated (3–5 cm depth; EC_w: 1.5–2.5 dS m^–1) for 24 h before opening the drains. Drainage treatments without mulch reduced SEW₃₀ (waterlogging index, sum of excess water within 30 cm soil depth) and soil EC_1:5 at 0–15 cm, while increasing sunflower yield by 15–100 % compared to the undrained no-mulch treatment. Relative to the undrained no-mulch treatment, drains with straw mulch conserved soil water, reduced EC_1:5 at 0–15 cm and increased yield in Experiments II and III by 40–47 and 76–143 %, respectively. There were no yield differences among the combinations of shallow drains. Although combined drains (SSD+SD) added 25–30 % extra yield relative to surface drains, these have higher installation costs. Shallow surface drains at 1.2–1.8 m spacing coupled with mulch are effective options for smallholder farmers to reduce salinity, waterlogging and drought stresses, and increase yield on saline, clay soils.

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浅层排水沟和秸秆覆盖减轻多种制约因素，提高粘质盐碱土上的向日葵产量 I. 土壤盐分降低、涝害和季末干旱的影响

精心设计的排水系统可以缓解土壤盐碱化和涝害，如果排水系统不会在生长季节后期造成缺水，则可提高作物产量。我们在热带地区的两个旱季对向日葵进行了三次田间试验（试验 I 于 2019-20 年进行，试验 II 和 III 于 2020-21 年进行），以考察浅层排水沟和地膜在克服这些限制因素方面的效果。在实验 I 中，测试了四个深度为 0.1 米或 0.2 米、间距为 1.2 米或 1.8 米的地表排水沟以及一个不排水处理。在实验二中，主地块中的四个排水处理和一个不排水处理被分成地膜覆盖（-M 和 +M）子地块。实验三有四个主要处理，分别是未排水处理、地表排水处理（SD；深 0.1 米，间距 1.8 米）、底土排水处理（SSD；深 0.5 米，间距 4.5 米）和 SSD+SD 处理，每个处理都分成地膜覆盖（-M 和 +M）子地块。在植株萌发和 8 叶期，所有地块都被淹没（3-5 厘米深；ECw：1.5-2.5 dS m-1）24 小时，然后再打开排水沟。与未排水、未覆盖地膜的处理相比，未覆盖地膜的排水处理降低了 SEW30（涝害指数，30 厘米土壤深度内多余水分的总和）和 0-15 厘米处的土壤 EC1:5，同时使向日葵产量提高了 15-100%。与未排水的无覆盖物处理相比，在试验 II 和 III 中，排水沟加稻草覆盖物可保持土壤水分，降低 0-15 厘米处的 EC1:5，并使产量分别增加 40-47 % 和 76-143 %。浅层排水沟组合之间没有产量差异。虽然组合排水沟（SSD+SD）比地表排水沟增产 25-30%，但其安装成本较高。间距为 1.2-1.8 米的浅层地表排水沟与覆盖物相结合，是小农减少盐碱、涝害和干旱压力并提高盐碱粘土产量的有效选择。

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来源期刊

European Journal of Agronomy 农林科学-农艺学

CiteScore

8.30

自引率

7.70%

发文量

187

审稿时长

4.5 months

期刊介绍： The European Journal of Agronomy, the official journal of the European Society for Agronomy, publishes original research papers reporting experimental and theoretical contributions to field-based agronomy and crop science. The journal will consider research at the field level for agricultural, horticultural and tree crops, that uses comprehensive and explanatory approaches. The EJA covers the following topics: crop physiology crop production and management including irrigation, fertilization and soil management agroclimatology and modelling plant-soil relationships crop quality and post-harvest physiology farming and cropping systems agroecosystems and the environment crop-weed interactions and management organic farming horticultural crops papers from the European Society for Agronomy bi-annual meetings In determining the suitability of submitted articles for publication, particular scrutiny is placed on the degree of novelty and significance of the research and the extent to which it adds to existing knowledge in agronomy.