Pollen and Leaf Micromorphological Characteristics of Spiny Almonds (Prunus subgenus Amygdalus) in Iran.

IF 2 3区 工程技术 Q2 ANATOMY & MORPHOLOGY
Nastaran Bayat, Farideh Attar, Arash Sotoodeh
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

This study investigates the micromorphological characteristics of pollen grains and leaf epidermal cells from 20 accessions across four species of spiny almonds using scanning electron microscopy. Thirteen quantitative traits of pollen grains, including exine sculpturing, were analyzed alongside qualitative features such as shape, exine sculpture type, and aperture type. Additionally, four quantitative and five qualitative features of the leaf epidermis were examined, focusing on cuticular ornamentation patterns, types of epicuticular wax, and stomatal measurements. The pollen grains were found to be isopolar monads, radially symmetric, medium-sized, varying from prolate spheroidal to prolate, and exhibiting 3-colporate to 3-colpate structures. The exine sculpturing was generally striate with short and long ridges, with or without perforations, and could be classified into three types. Notably, in the Isfahan population of Prunus lycioides and the North Khorasan population of Prunus spinosissima, the exine sculpture types were distinctly different, being rugulate and reticulate, respectively. Multivariate statistical analysis identified equatorial diameter, colpus length and width, and ridge width as key diagnostic markers for species identification within spiny almonds. Principal component analysis and hierarchical clustering further highlighted the significance of stomatal length, cuticular ornamentation patterns, and epicuticular wax types in differentiating among taxa. We conclude that groupings recognized in recent classifications of the subgenus Amygdalus (spiny almonds) remain challenging to delineate solely based on palynological data, as diverse pollen types are present across different clades and subclades. Furthermore, micromorphological leaf traits proved valuable in distinguishing certain spiny almond taxa, and the traits of epidermal cells may reflect the ecological adaptations of spiny almond species.

伊朗刺杏(Prunus subgenus Amygdalus)的花粉和叶片微形态特征。
本研究利用扫描电子显微镜研究了四种刺杏的 20 个品种的花粉粒和叶表皮细胞的微形态特征。研究分析了花粉粒的 13 个定量特征,包括外皮雕刻,以及形状、外皮雕刻类型和孔径类型等定性特征。此外,还研究了叶表皮的四个定量特征和五个定性特征,重点是角质层装饰图案、表皮蜡类型和气孔测量。研究发现,花粉粒为等极单体,径向对称,中等大小,从扁球形到扁球形不等,并呈现出3-colporate到3-colpate结构。外皮雕刻一般呈条纹状,有短脊和长脊,有穿孔或无穿孔,可分为三种类型。值得注意的是,在伊斯法罕 Prunus lycioides 种群和北呼罗珊 Prunus spinosissima 种群中,外皮雕刻类型明显不同,分别为皱纹型和网状型。多变量统计分析确定赤道直径、菌褶长度和宽度以及脊宽是识别刺杏品种的关键诊断标记。主成分分析和分层聚类进一步突出了气孔长度、角质层装饰图案和表皮蜡类型在区分类群方面的重要性。我们的结论是,由于不同支系和亚支系中存在不同的花粉类型,因此仅根据古植物学数据来划分杏仁亚属(刺杏仁)近期分类中所认可的组别仍然具有挑战性。此外,叶片的微形态特征在区分某些多刺杏仁类群方面也很有价值,表皮细胞的特征可能反映了多刺杏仁物种的生态适应性。
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来源期刊
Microscopy Research and Technique
Microscopy Research and Technique 医学-解剖学与形态学
CiteScore
5.30
自引率
20.00%
发文量
233
审稿时长
4.7 months
期刊介绍: Microscopy Research and Technique (MRT) publishes articles on all aspects of advanced microscopy original architecture and methodologies with applications in the biological, clinical, chemical, and materials sciences. Original basic and applied research as well as technical papers dealing with the various subsets of microscopy are encouraged. MRT is the right form for those developing new microscopy methods or using the microscope to answer key questions in basic and applied research.
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