Treatment and long term follow-up results in patients with pulmonary vascular thrombosis related to COVID-19.

Abstract

Pulmonary embolism is a complication of COVID-19 infection. The aim of this study is to assess prognosis and treatment response, including incidences of chronicity, relapse, and mortality among outpatients diagnosed with COVID-19-related pulmonary embolism between 2020 and 2022. A total of 101 patients with pulmonary embolism, started on anticoagulation during or within a month of COVID-19 infection, were included after testing positive by PCR. Data about comorbidities, Pulmonary Embolism Severity Index scores, PE diagnostic modalities, biochemical parameters, and transthoracic echocardiographic findings at diagnosis and at 24-month follow-up were collected. Cardiac catheterization parameters were recorded and compared between groups at diagnosis and at the 24-month follow-up. Groups were comparable with respect to gender, age, body mass index, and comorbidity score. Use of Q-SPECT for diagnosis was found significantly higher in patients with COVID-19-related pulmonary embolism (P < .001). The incidence of deep vein thrombosis was similar. In the study group, 43.6% of patients received anticoagulants for 3 months, with 49.1% using low molecular weight heparin and 50.9% using direct oral anticoagulants. At 24 months, rate of patients continuing treatment was comparable between groups. Specific pulmonary artery blockage value was found to be higher in patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension compared to those who demonstrated a response to pulmonary embolism treatment (P = .009). No adverse effects of anticoagulant therapy were observed during course of treatment. Over 24-month follow-up period, mortality, relapse, chronic thromboembolic hypertension and thromboembolic disease was observed in 2%, 2.2%, 4.9%, and 9.9% of patients, respectively.