A high-capacity and self-healable electrochromic system based on I0/CuI conversion reaction

Abstract

Constructing electrochromic devices (ECDs) requires high-performance electrochromic electrodes with not only high color contrasts, but also large charge storage capacities. In this paper, a I⁰/CuI conversion-type electrochromic system is developed, achieving reversible and profound color switching between colorless transparent and dark brown, while delivering a large charge storage capacity of 246.7 mA h g⁻¹. To improve switching durability, a multifunctional P10 (Polyquaternium-10) binder is introduced into the electrode, which can effectively confine the polyiodide intermediates and suppress the shuttle effect. At the same time, the CuI/Cu redox couple is further activated by controlling the applied voltage. The generated Cu from this couple can spontaneously react with residual I⁰ species and facilitate the conversion from I⁰ to CuI, and therefore in-situ rejuvenate the degraded electrochromic performance. Thanks to these rational designs, this electrochromic electrode achieves rapid response speeds (t_coloring: 14 s, t_bleaching: 5 s), high optical modulation amplitude (73.4 % at 500 nm), decant coloration efficiency (57.0 cm² C⁻¹) and impressive cycle stability (without performance degradation after 150 cycles). This work provides a novel electrochromic system for the construction of high-performance electrochromic devices.