Triassic Deposits in the Caspian Region: Structure, Tectonic Settings, Sedimentary Environments, and Oil-and-Gas Potential

IF 0.7 4区 地球科学 Q4 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS
M. P. Antipov, V. A. Bykadorov, Yu. A. Volozh, I. S. Patina, V. V. Fomina, F. M. Bars
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Abstract

Both tectonic settings and sedimentary environments of the oil- and gas-bearing Triassic sequences in the Caspian region are examined. It is shown that the Scythian and West Turanian plates were located at an active margin of the East European continent in Triassic. A unified thick (up to 3–5 km) cover of sedimentary and volcanosedimentary (mainly tuffaceous) rocks without the characteristic features of rifting was formed. In the northern and eastern parts of the region, the Triassic is composed of variegated continental terrigenous rocks. In many areas of the region (eastern and southern parts of the Pre-Caspian Basin, Eastern Ciscaucasia, Mangyshlak, and Middle Caspian), the Lower Triassic (Olenekian) and Middle Triassic are represented by marine terrigenous–carbonate rocks. The structural features of sequences in the Pre-Caspian Basin are associated with salt tectonics. The maximum thickness (up to 4.5–5 km) of Triassic rocks within the Scythian Plate is recorded in the southwestern part of the Middle Caspian and southeastern part of the Karpinsky Ridge, where they fill up a series of NW-extending graben-shaped troughs. Their absence in the northwestern part of the region is related to the latest shear deformations, as confirmed by their discrepancy with the facies zonation of Triassic deposits. Currently, the Permian and Triassic deposits represent a pre-platform geodynamic seismic sequence unconformably overlying the pre-Kungurian deposits. Triassic deposits of the Scythian and West Turanian plates are disturbed by faults (amplitude up to 2 km) and dislocated in some areas. Folding with faults and strike-slip faults is especially intense on the Karpinsky Ridge. Increased dislocation and Late Triassic magmatism on the Scythian and West Turanian plates are associated with the processes of collision during the closure of the Paleotethys Ocean. Oil and gas prospects of the region are assessed positively.

Abstract Image

里海地区的三叠纪矿床:结构、构造背景、沉积环境和油气潜力
研究了里海地区三叠纪含油气层序的构造背景和沉积环境。研究表明,斯基泰板块和西都兰板块位于三叠纪东欧大陆的活动边缘。沉积岩和火山沉积岩(主要是凝灰岩)形成了统一的厚(达 3-5 千米)覆盖层,但没有断裂的特征。在该地区的北部和东部,三叠纪由色彩斑斓的大陆土岩组成。在该地区的许多地方(前里海盆地的东部和南部、东西高加索、曼吉斯拉克和中里海),下三叠统(奥利尼克统)和中三叠统以海洋性陆相碳酸盐岩为代表。前里海盆地序列的构造特征与盐构造有关。斯基泰板块内三叠纪岩石的最大厚度(达 4.5-5 千米)位于中里海的西南部和卡尔平斯基海脊的东南部,它们在那里填充了一系列向西北延伸的地堑形槽。它们在该地区西北部的缺失与最近的剪切变形有关,这一点从它们与三叠纪沉积物的面相分带不一致得到了证实。目前,二叠纪和三叠纪沉积物代表了前地台地球动力地震序列,与前孔古尔沉积物不整合。斯基泰板块和西都兰板块的三叠纪沉积物受到断层(振幅达 2 千米)的扰动,在某些地区出现错位。卡尔平斯基海脊的断层和走向滑动断层褶皱尤为强烈。斯基泰板块和西都兰板块错位的增加和晚三叠世岩浆活动与古特提斯洋关闭期间的碰撞过程有关。该地区的石油和天然气前景得到了积极的评估。
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来源期刊
Lithology and Mineral Resources
Lithology and Mineral Resources 地学-地球化学与地球物理
CiteScore
1.30
自引率
37.50%
发文量
29
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: Lithology and Mineral Resources is an international peer reviewed journal that publishes articles on a wide range of problems related to the formation of sedimentary rocks and ores. Special attention is given to comparison of ancient sedimentary rock and ore formation with present-day processes. The major part of the journal is devoted to comparative analysis of sedimentary processes on the continents and in oceans, as well as the genetic aspects of the formation of sedimentary and hydrothermal–sedimentary mineral resources. The journal welcomes manuscripts from all countries in the English or Russian language.
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