Decentralized approach for resource recovery from human faeces and urine via hydrothermal carbonization: Effect of moisture content and potential for struvite production

IF 7.1 2区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI:10.1016/j.seta.2024.104038

Zavin R. Gajera , Alka A. Mungray , Eldon R. Rene , Arvind Kumar Mungray

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Abstract

Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) can efficiently utilize human faeces and urine as the feedstock and convert them to carbon and nutrient-rich hydrochar and process water. This study investigated the influence of solid content (5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 % of faecal matter, respectively) on the produced hydrochar and process water characteristics. The HTC of human faeces with urine as the reaction medium, at 200 °C for 2 h, resulted in a hydrochar yield of approximately 69.2 to 76.1 wt%, with a heating value ranging from 26.6 to 28.9 MJ/kg. The solubilization of carbon and nutrients in process water resulted in a total organic carbon (TOC) increase from 1.7 g/L in urine to 38.9 g/L in process water following the application of HTC. Furthermore, the morphology and weight % of elements analysed by SEM-EDS demonstrated that struvite was formed from produced process water at an optimum solid content of 10 %. Overall, the hydrochar and process water are rich in nutrients and energy, rendering them suitable for resource recovery.

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通过热液碳化从人类粪尿中回收资源的分散方法：水分含量的影响和生产硬泡石的潜力

水热碳化（HTC）可有效利用人类粪尿作为原料，并将其转化为富含碳和养分的水炭和工艺水。本研究调查了固体含量（分别为粪便的 5%、10%、15%、20%、25% 和 30%）对所产生的水炭和工艺水特性的影响。以尿液为反应介质，在 200 °C 下进行 2 小时的 HTC 反应，可产生约 69.2 至 76.1 wt%的水炭，热值范围为 26.6 至 28.9 MJ/kg。碳和营养物质在工艺水中的溶解使总有机碳（TOC）从尿液中的 1.7 克/升增加到使用 HTC 后工艺水中的 38.9 克/升。此外，通过 SEM-EDS 分析的形态和元素重量百分比表明，在最佳固体含量为 10% 时，生产的工艺水中形成了硬石膏。总之，水煤浆和工艺水中含有丰富的营养物质和能量，适合进行资源回收。

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来源期刊

Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments Energy-Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment

CiteScore

12.70

自引率

12.50%

发文量

1091

期刊介绍： Encouraging a transition to a sustainable energy future is imperative for our world. Technologies that enable this shift in various sectors like transportation, heating, and power systems are of utmost importance. Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments welcomes papers focusing on a range of aspects and levels of technological advancements in energy generation and utilization. The aim is to reduce the negative environmental impact associated with energy production and consumption, spanning from laboratory experiments to real-world applications in the commercial sector.