The split injection of water-soluble fertilizers effectively reduces N2O, CH4 and NH3 emissions while simultaneously improving rice yield and harvest index

IF 5.6 1区 农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY
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Abstract

Mitigating environmental impacts while enhancing grain yield is essential for sustainable rice production. One-time urea deep placement (UDP) has been recognized for its potential to reduce nitrogen (N) loss and improve rice yield. However, this method applies an excessive amount of nitrogen as a basal fertilizer, which increases N₂O emissions during the mid-season aeration (MSA) phase and promotes straw biomass over grain yield, consequently reducing the harvest index (HI). The split injection of water-soluble fertilizers (IF) could present a viable alternative solution. Nevertheless, no studies have yet investigated the environmental and agronomic effects of IF in rice production fields. Therefore, a three-year field experiment was conducted with six treatments: three-split urea broadcasting (BU), one-time UDP (UDP(10:0)), one-time IF (IF(10:0)), two-split IF with a 6:4 ratio (IF(6:4)), two-split IF with a 5:5 ratio (IF(5:5)), and a control without N (CK) in an intensive rice cropping system in China. Results showed that one-time UDP produced the lowest HI and increased N2O emissions by 146 % compared to BU, due to surplus N provision until the MSA stage. In contrast, two-split IF treatments increased straw biomass by 7 %-9 % while improving rice yield by 13 %-14 % compared to BU and resulting in the highest HI, due to the reduced injection dosage of basal fertilizer and sufficient spike fertilizer injection, which in turn avoided surplus N at the MSA stage, thus decreasing total N2O emissions by 15 %-28 % compared to BU. All deep fertilization treatments reduced CH4 emissions by 43 %-67 % compared to BU. All IF treatments produced the parallel highest net economic benefit (NEB) of all treatments. Moreover, IF(6:4) reduced greenhouse gas intensity (GHGI) by 56 % compared to BU, and completely eliminated NH3 volatilization. In conclusion, a two-split IF with a basal and spike fertilizer ratio of 6:4 is a promising strategy for reducing GHGI and NH3 emissions while simultaneously improving rice yield, HI and NEB in paddy rice fields. Expanding split IF technology will greatly contribute to the green development of rice production.
分次喷洒水溶性肥料可有效减少 N2O、CH4 和 NH3 排放,同时提高水稻产量和收获指数
在提高粮食产量的同时减轻对环境的影响对水稻的可持续生产至关重要。一次性尿素深施(UDP)被认为具有减少氮(N)流失和提高水稻产量的潜力。然而,这种方法施用了过量的氮作为基肥,增加了季中通气期(MSA)的氮排放,促进了秸秆生物量而非谷物产量,从而降低了收获指数(HI)。分次喷施水溶性肥料(IF)是一种可行的替代解决方案。然而,目前还没有研究调查水溶性肥料在水稻生产中对环境和农艺的影响。因此,在中国的一个密集型水稻种植系统中进行了一项为期三年的田间试验,共采用了六种处理方法:三次分次施用尿素(BU)、一次性施用 UDP(UDP(10:0))、一次性施用 IF(IF(10:0))、两次分次施用比例为 6:4 的 IF(IF(6:4))、两次分次施用比例为 5:5 的 IF(IF(5:5))以及不施氮肥的对照(CK)。结果表明,一次性 UDP 产生的 HI 最低,与 BU 相比,N2O 排放量增加了 146%,这是由于在 MSA 阶段之前提供了过剩的氮。相比之下,两次分次深施中效肥处理的秸秆生物量增加了7%-9%,水稻产量提高了13%-14%,HI最高,原因是基肥施用量减少,穗肥施用量充足,从而避免了MSA阶段的氮过剩,使N2O总排放量比BU减少了15%-28%。与基肥相比,所有深施肥处理都减少了 43%-67% 的甲烷排放量。在所有处理中,所有 IF 处理产生的净经济效益(NEB)都是最高的。此外,IF(6:4)比 BU 减少了 56% 的温室气体强度 (GHGI),并完全消除了 NH3 的挥发。总之,基肥和穗肥比例为 6:4 的两分法中耕技术是一种很有前途的策略,它能减少水稻田的温室气体排放和 NH3 排放,同时提高水稻产量、HI 和 NEB。推广分次中耕技术将极大地促进水稻生产的绿色发展。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Field Crops Research
Field Crops Research 农林科学-农艺学
CiteScore
9.60
自引率
12.10%
发文量
307
审稿时长
46 days
期刊介绍: Field Crops Research is an international journal publishing scientific articles on: √ experimental and modelling research at field, farm and landscape levels on temperate and tropical crops and cropping systems, with a focus on crop ecology and physiology, agronomy, and plant genetics and breeding.
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