Spatiotemporal distribution, species diversity, and burden of ixodid ticks on cattle in Northwest Ethiopia

IF 1.4 Q3 PARASITOLOGY

Veterinary parasitology, regional studies and reports Pub Date : 2024-10-30 DOI:10.1016/j.vprsr.2024.101148

Zewdu Seyoum Tarekegn , Alemayehu Eshetie , Getie Mulat , Marshet Bazezew , Moges Maru , Shimelis Dagnachew Nigatu , Sefinew Alemu Mekonnen , Wassie Molla

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Abstract

Ixodid ticks are important arthropods in medicine and veterinary science, posing a considerable threat to livestock in East Africa. A repeated cross-sectional study was conducted from March 2022 to June 2023 to explore the spatial distribution, prevalence, species diversity and burden of cattle ticks, and to investigate risk factors associated with tick infestation prevalence and burden in northwest Ethiopia. A total of 2528 cattle were randomly selected through multistage cluster sampling for tick inspection across 18 districts during both dry and wet seasons. Ticks samples were identified morphologically at the genus and species levels. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and mixed-effect logistic regression models. In total, 22,698 adult ticks were found from 1604 cattle; of which 10,246 were collected for identification, and revealed ten tick species across three genera: Amblyomma, Rhipicephalus, and Hyalomma. The predominant species included A. variegatum (35.5 %), R. decoloratus (32.73 %), A. lepidum (10.64 %), and H. rufipes (6.85 %), while R. sanguineus and H. analoticum were below 1 %. Tick diversity was highest in Kafta-Humera, followed by Wolkait and Tsegede. The overall tick infestation prevalence was 63.45 %, with a mean tick burden of 8.98 ± 0.31 ticks per animal, both significantly impacted by agroecology, season, vegetation cover, management, and coexistence with other livestock species (p < 0.05). Infestation rates varied notably among districts, with Wolkait having the highest at 94.49 % and Wogera the lowest at 9.17 %. This study underscores the high prevalence of tick infestations and the diverse ixodid tick species of veterinary importance in the region, highlighting the need for effective tick management strategies. Studies are recommended to explore the epidemiological features of relevant tick-borne pathogens.

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埃塞俄比亚西北部牛身上伊科蜱的时空分布、物种多样性和负担

牛蜱是医学和兽医学中的重要节肢动物，对东非的牲畜构成相当大的威胁。2022 年 3 月至 2023 年 6 月期间，我们进行了一项重复横断面研究，以探讨牛蜱的空间分布、流行率、物种多样性和负担，并调查与埃塞俄比亚西北部蜱虫流行率和负担相关的风险因素。在旱季和雨季，通过多阶段群集抽样，在 18 个地区随机抽取了 2528 头牛进行蜱虫检查。对蜱虫样本进行了属和种的形态鉴定。数据采用描述性统计和混合效应逻辑回归模型进行分析。总共从 1604 头牛身上发现了 22,698 只成年蜱；其中 10,246 只被收集起来进行鉴定，发现了三个属中的十个蜱种：共发现十种蜱虫，分别属于三个属：Amblyomma、Rhipicephalus 和 Hyalomma。主要种类包括：A. variegatum（35.5%）、R. decoloratus（32.73%）、A. lepidum（10.64%）和 H. rufipes（6.85%），而 R. sanguineus 和 H. analoticum 则低于 1%。卡夫塔-胡梅拉的蜱虫多样性最高，其次是沃尔凯特和采格德。总的蜱虫感染率为 63.45%，每头牲畜的平均蜱虫负担为 8.98 ± 0.31 只，两者都受到农业生态、季节、植被覆盖、管理以及与其他牲畜物种共存的显著影响（p <0.05）。各地区的蜱虫感染率差异明显，沃尔凯特最高，为 94.49%，沃盖拉最低，为 9.17%。这项研究强调了蜱虫侵扰的高流行率和该地区具有兽医重要性的多种蜱虫种类，突出了有效蜱虫管理策略的必要性。建议开展研究，探索相关蜱传病原体的流行病学特征。

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来源期刊

Veterinary parasitology, regional studies and reports Multiple-

CiteScore

2.90

自引率

7.10%

发文量

126

审稿时长

97 days

期刊介绍： Veterinary Parasitology: Regional Studies and Reports focuses on aspects of veterinary parasitology that are of regional concern, which is especially important in this era of climate change and the rapid and often unconstrained travel of people and animals. Relative to regions, this journal will accept papers of the highest quality dealing with all aspects of disease prevention, pathology, treatment, epidemiology, and control of parasites within the field of veterinary medicine. Also, case reports will be considered as they add to information related to local disease and its control; such papers must be concise and represent appropriate medical intervention. Papers on veterinary parasitology from wildlife species are acceptable, but only if they relate to the practice of veterinary medicine. Studies on vector-borne bacterial and viral agents are suitable, but only if the paper deals with vector transmission of these organisms to domesticated animals. Studies dealing with parasite control by means of natural products, both in vivo and in vitro, are more suited for one of the many journals that now specialize in papers of this type. However, due to the regional nature of much of this research, submissions may be considered based upon a case being made by the author(s) to the Editor. Circumstances relating to animal experimentation must meet the International Guiding Principles for Biomedical Research Involving Animals as issued by the Council for International Organizations of Medical Sciences (obtainable from: Executive Secretary C.I.O.M.S., c/o W.H.O., Via Appia, CH-1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland).