Abubakar Sadiq Yusuf , Martin Markwitz , Zhan Chen , Maziar Ramezani , John V. Kennedy , Holger Fiedler
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引用次数: 0
Abstract
Tin oxide (SnO2) is a critical material for a wide range of applications, such as in perovskite solar cells, gas sensors, as well as for photocatalysis. For these applications the transparency to visible light, high availability, cheap fabrication process and high conductivity of SnO2 benefits its commercial deployment. In this paper, we demonstrate that the resistivity of widely colloidal SnO2 can be reduced by noble gas ion beam modification. After low energy argon implantation with a fluence of 4×1015 at.cm−2 at 25keV and annealing at 200°C in air, the resistivity of as-deposited film was reduced from (178±6)μΩcm to (133±5)μΩcm, a reduction of 25%. Hall effect measurements showed that the primary cause of this is the increase in carrier concentration from (8.1±0.3)×1020 cm−3 to (9.9±0.3)×1020 cm−3. Annealing at 200°C resulted in the removal of defect clusters introduced by implantation, while annealing at 300°C resulted in the oxidation of the films, increasing their resistivity. The concentration of oxygen vacancy defects can be controlled by a combination of low energy noble gas ion implantation and annealing, providing promising performance increases for potential applications of SnO2 where a low resistivity is crucial.
期刊介绍:
The aim of the journal is to provide a respectful outlet for ''sound science'' papers in all research areas on surfaces and interfaces. We define sound science papers as papers that describe new and well-executed research, but that do not necessarily provide brand new insights or are merely a description of research results.
Surfaces and Interfaces publishes research papers in all fields of surface science which may not always find the right home on first submission to our Elsevier sister journals (Applied Surface, Surface and Coatings Technology, Thin Solid Films)