Mind the glass ceiling: The gender gap in how depressive symptoms after age 55 relate to earlier career mobility in CONSTANCES

IF 4.9 2区 医学 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH
Constance Beaufils , Emmanuel Wiernik , Emmanuelle Cambois
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Abstract

A substantial body of research has shown an association between career mobility and mental health in later life through health selection and causal processes, with favourable health outcomes associated with upward mobility. However, gender differences in these associations have been largely overlooked, despite evidence of gender inequalities in career opportunities.
We use data on individuals aged 55–69 from the CONSTANCES cohort. We examine their current mental health and career trajectories between ages 20–55, reconstructed through a retrospective questionnaire. Using sequence analysis, we identify 11 types of past occupational mobility (upward, downward, stagnant) across a gradient from unskilled to high-skilled occupations. We use nested logistic regression to assess their association with depressive symptoms (CES-D) in men and women separately, controlling for socio-demographic variables and occupational hazards.
For both men and women, depressive symptoms are strongly associated with careers involving unskilled jobs, with no difference between directions of mobility. For men, upward mobility into skilled or high-skilled jobs is associated with fewer depressive symptoms compared to a stagnant career. This is not the case for women, for whom upward career mobility to high-skilled jobs is associated with more depressive symptoms compared to stagnation at origin.
Our findings show a gendered relationship between mental health in later life and past career mobility and highlight the mental health issues faced by women who break through the glass ceiling. They call for further research into the circumstances of women's careers that challenge their mental health in later life.
注意玻璃天花板:55岁后抑郁症状与早期职业流动性之间的性别差距》(CONSTANCES.
大量研究表明,通过健康选择和因果过程,职业流动性与晚年心理健康之间存在关联,向上流动性会带来有利的健康结果。然而,尽管有证据表明职业机会中存在性别不平等,但这些关联中的性别差异却在很大程度上被忽视了。我们使用了 CONSTANCES 队列中 55-69 岁人群的数据。我们通过回顾性问卷调查,研究了他们目前的心理健康状况以及 20-55 岁之间的职业轨迹。通过序列分析,我们确定了从非技术性职业到高技术性职业梯度上的 11 种过去职业流动类型(向上、向下、停滞)。在控制社会人口变量和职业危害的前提下,我们使用嵌套逻辑回归法分别评估了男性和女性的抑郁症状(CES-D)。对于男性和女性而言,抑郁症状与从事非技术性工作的职业密切相关,而流动方向则没有差异。对于男性来说,与停滞不前的职业生涯相比,向上流动从事熟练或高技能工作与抑郁症状较少相关。而女性的情况则不同,与原职业停滞不前相比,向上流动到高技能工作岗位与更多抑郁症状相关。我们的研究结果表明,晚年心理健康与过去的职业流动之间存在性别关系,并强调了突破玻璃天花板的女性所面临的心理健康问题。这些研究呼吁进一步研究妇女职业生涯中挑战其晚年心理健康的环境。
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来源期刊
Social Science & Medicine
Social Science & Medicine PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH-
CiteScore
9.10
自引率
5.60%
发文量
762
审稿时长
38 days
期刊介绍: Social Science & Medicine provides an international and interdisciplinary forum for the dissemination of social science research on health. We publish original research articles (both empirical and theoretical), reviews, position papers and commentaries on health issues, to inform current research, policy and practice in all areas of common interest to social scientists, health practitioners, and policy makers. The journal publishes material relevant to any aspect of health from a wide range of social science disciplines (anthropology, economics, epidemiology, geography, policy, psychology, and sociology), and material relevant to the social sciences from any of the professions concerned with physical and mental health, health care, clinical practice, and health policy and organization. We encourage material which is of general interest to an international readership.
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