Radium levels in Brazil nuts: A review of the literature.

IF 2.7 4区 医学 Q3 NUTRITION & DIETETICS
Christian Koeder, Markus Keller
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Brazil nuts are well known for their extraordinarily high selenium content. For this reason, they are frequently recommended as a kind of natural selenium 'supplement', particularly for certain population groups such as vegetarians and vegans in regions with low soil selenium levels. Typically, an intake of one or two Brazil nuts per day is recommended. Brazil nuts, however, also stand out from other nuts in terms of their high (albeit highly variable) radium content. The radium isotopes Ra-226 and Ra-228 emit alpha- and beta-radiation, with this type of radiation being particularly harmful when ingested. Consequently, it is important to consider radium levels in Brazil nuts before formulating recommendations for a long-term, daily intake of these nuts. To date, however, no comprehensive overview of radium levels in Brazil nuts has been published. Therefore, a literature review without time or language restrictions was conducted, including unpublished original data from Germany. The literature review (including the German data) indicated mean Ra-226 and Ra-228 levels of 49 (range: 17-205) mBq/g and 67 (range: 12-235) mBq/g, respectively. Assuming a consistent daily intake of one or two Brazil nuts, this would result in an effective dose of ~88-220 μSv/year. This level of exposure appears to be neither clearly harmful nor clearly harmless. As increased radioactivity exposure (at least at higher doses) is associated with increased cancer risk, randomised controlled trials assessing the effect of Brazil nuts on cancer risk biomarkers are needed.

巴西坚果中的镭含量:文献综述。
巴西坚果以其极高的硒含量而闻名。因此,巴西坚果经常被推荐作为一种天然的硒 "补充剂",尤其适用于某些人群,如土壤硒含量较低地区的素食主义者和纯素食者。通常,建议每天摄入一到两个巴西坚果。不过,巴西坚果在镭含量(尽管变化很大)方面也有别于其他坚果。镭的同位素镭-226 和镭-228 会发出阿尔法和贝塔辐射,摄入这类辐射尤其有害。因此,在制定巴西坚果的长期、每日摄入量建议之前,必须考虑巴西坚果中的镭含量。然而,迄今为止,还没有关于巴西坚果中镭含量的全面概述。因此,我们不受时间和语言的限制进行了一次文献综述,其中包括德国未发表的原始数据。文献综述(包括德国的数据)显示,镭-226 和镭-228 的平均含量分别为 49(范围:17-205)毫贝克/克和 67(范围:12-235)毫贝克/克。假设每天持续摄入一到两个巴西坚果,其有效剂量为每年约 88-220 μSv。这一辐照水平似乎既不明显有害,也不明显无害。由于放射性暴露的增加(至少在较高剂量时)与癌症风险的增加有关,因此需要进行随机对照试验,评估巴西坚果对癌症风险生物标志物的影响。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Nutrition Bulletin
Nutrition Bulletin NUTRITION & DIETETICS-
CiteScore
4.50
自引率
12.10%
发文量
58
期刊介绍: The Nutrition Bulletin provides accessible reviews at the cutting edge of research. Read by researchers and nutritionists working in universities and research institutes; public health nutritionists, dieticians and other health professionals; nutritionists, technologists and others in the food industry; those engaged in higher education including students; and journalists with an interest in nutrition.
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