Continuation of the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine device among adolescents with endometriosis.

Abstract

Study objective: To estimate the 1-year continuation rate of the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine device (LNG-IUD) in adolescents with endometriosis, and the frequency at which additional systemic hormonal treatment (HT) is utilized.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study was performed of patients aged 12 - 21 years who underwent laparoscopy for endometriosis and LNG-IUD insertion at a single tertiary care institution between 2018 and 2021.

Results: We evaluated 224 adolescents (mean age=17.0, SD=1.8 years) who underwent LNG-IUD placement during laparoscopic evaluation for endometriosis. Stage I endometriosis was most common (84.4%), followed by stage II (13.0%). Of 221 with follow-up, 208 (94.1%) had HT added or continued post-surgery. The most common additional HT was norethindrone acetate (42.5%), followed by combined hormonal contraceptives (34.8%). The 1-year LNG-IUD continuation rate was 92.0%. There were 18 IUD removals (8%) by 1 year, and the median time to removal was 118 days (IQR=159; range 8-293). Use of additional HT was associated with a lower hazard of IUD removal within the first year of use (HR = 0.19, 95% CI: 0.06-0.56, p<0.001).

Conclusion: The majority of adolescents used the LNG-IUD with additional systemic HT for endometriosis management. While overall continuation was high, adolescents who were using LNG-IUD and HT were more likely to continue LNG-IUD than those who were not utilizing additional HT.