Ticks and hemoplasma screening in dromedary camels (Camelus dromedarius) from Somalia.

Flávia C M Collere, Larissa D R Ferrari, Aamir M Osman, Ahmed A Hassan-Kadle, Mohamed A Shair, Vanessa S Coradi, Abdalla M Ibrahim, Thiago F Martins, Abdulkarim A Yusuf, Ivan R de Barros-Filho, Rogério R Lange, Marcos R André, Thállitha S W J Vieira, Rosangela Z Machado, Rafael F C Vieira
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Abstract

Hemotropic mycoplasmas (hemoplasmas) are small pleomorphic bacteria that parasitize the surface of red blood cells of mammals. Hemoplasmas have been described in different species from the Camelidae Family, such as llamas and alpacas (South American camelids), but data on dromedary camels (Camelus dromedarius) are limited to a few reports. Somalia has one of the world's largest dromedary camel populations, and studies on hemoplasmas and tick-borne pathogens are lacking. Accordingly, this study aimed to screen dromedaries from Somalia for hemoplasmas by PCR-based assays. A total of 155 dromedary camel blood samples from 2 different areas of Mogadishu (n = 104) and the Lower Shabelle Region (n = 51) of the country were collected. All blood DNA samples were screened for hemoplasmas using a SYBR Green Universal Real-Time PCR (qPCR), nested PCR (nPCR), and conventional PCR (cPCR) assays targeting the 16S rRNA gene of hemoplasmas. Five out of 155 animals (3.23%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.39-7.33%) were positive for hemoplasmas. A total of 346 (228 M, 117 F, and 1 nymph) ticks were collected from 79/155 (50.9%; 95% CI: 42.8-59.1%) dromedary camels with a mean of 4.4 ticks per animal. Ticks were identified as Rhipicephalus pulchellus (174/346; 50.3%), Hyalomma dromedarii (103/346; 29.8%), Hyalomma rufipes (35/346; 10.1%), Hyalomma marginatum (16/346; 4.6%), Rhipicephalus humeralis (14/346; 4.0%), Amblyomma lepidum (2/346; 0.6%), Amblyomma gemma (1/346; 0.3%), and Ornithodoros sp. (1/185; 0.5). This is the first study on the molecular screening for hemoplasmas in dromedary camels from Somalia and the first report of A. lepidum and R. humeralis in Somali dromedary camels.

索马里单峰骆驼(Camelus dromedarius)的蜱虫和血浆筛查。
血液支原体(hemoplasma)是寄生在哺乳动物红血球表面的小型多形性细菌。骆驼科的不同物种,如美洲驼和羊驼(南美洲驼科动物),都曾出现过血型支原体,但有关单峰骆驼(Camelus dromedarius)的数据仅限于少数几份报告。索马里是世界上单峰骆驼数量最多的国家之一,但却缺乏有关血浆体和蜱传病原体的研究。因此,本研究旨在通过基于 PCR 的检测方法对索马里的单峰骆驼进行血吸虫筛查。研究人员从索马里摩加迪沙(104 头)和下谢贝利州(51 头)两个不同地区收集了 155 份单峰骆驼血液样本。使用 SYBR Green 通用实时 PCR (qPCR)、巢式 PCR (nPCR) 和传统 PCR (cPCR) 检测方法对所有血液 DNA 样品进行血吸虫筛查,检测目标是血吸虫的 16S rRNA 基因。155 只动物中有 5 只(3.23%;95% 置信区间 [CI]:1.39-7.33%)对血吸虫呈阳性反应。从 79/155 只(50.9%;95% 置信区间:42.8-59.1%)单峰骆驼身上共收集到 346 只蜱(228 M、117 F 和 1 个若虫),平均每只骆驼身上有 4.4 只蜱。蜱虫被鉴定为 Rhipicephalus pulchellus(174/346;50.3%)、Hyalomma dromedarii(103/346;29.8%)、Hyalomma rufipes(35/346;10.1%)、Hyalomma marginatum(16/346;4.6%)、Rhipicephalus humeralis(14/346;4.0%)、Amblyomma lepidum(2/346;0.6%)、Amblyomma gemma(1/346;0.3%)和 Ornithodoros sp.这是首次对索马里单峰骆驼中的血吸虫进行分子筛选的研究,也是首次报告索马里单峰骆驼中的 A. lepidum 和 R. humeralis。
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