Experimental Visualization and Modeling of the Transport Behaviors of Monofilament Microplastic Fibers Through an Idealized Porous Media

IF 4.6 1区 地球科学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
Tyler T. Fouty, Nicholas B. Engdahl
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Abstract

Microplastic fibers (MPF) are the largest fraction of microplastics in the environment by mass. The endpoints of these contaminants' movement is generally known at large-scale (i.e., their origins and where they end up), but the mechanics of how they get to those sinks remains poorly understood. The objective of this work was to improve understanding of the mechanisms driving MPF migration through terrestrial systems by directly imaging their motion through idealized representations of porous media. Monofilament line with 0.3 mm diameter was passed through a bench-scale, pseudo-2d flow cell to capture trajectories of MPFs of three different lengths and trajectories of passive micro-bead tracers were also captured. Video processing and automated image analysis converted the video of the experiments into a database of trajectories, allowing comparison of the experimental data to various numerical models. Simple advection-dispersion models were adequate for modeling the passive tracer but did not provide a good description of MPF transport. A physics-based, distributed model was able to generate realistic trajectories through the domain, but the speeds of the fibers in the initial simulation were too fast, despite working well for the passive tracer. Adding a delay (waiting time) process resulted in good description of the trajectories and travel times. The specifics of the delay process could not be deduced from these experiments, but its overall impact on transport provides mechanistic insights. These direct observation of the trajectories and speeds of MPFs moving through porous media show that MPFs likely have strong interactions with their surroundings.
单丝微塑料纤维在理想多孔介质中传输行为的实验可视化与建模
微塑料纤维(MPF)是环境中质量最大的一部分微塑料。人们普遍知道这些污染物大规模迁移的终点(即它们的来源和最终去向),但对它们如何到达这些汇的机理却知之甚少。这项工作的目的是通过对多孔介质的理想化表示直接成像,加深对多孔介质在陆地系统中迁移的驱动机制的理解。直径为 0.3 毫米的单丝线通过一个台式规模的伪 2d 流动池,捕捉三种不同长度的多孔纤维素的运动轨迹,同时捕捉被动微珠示踪剂的运动轨迹。视频处理和自动图像分析将实验视频转换成轨迹数据库,以便将实验数据与各种数值模型进行比较。简单的平流-弥散模型足以模拟无源示踪剂,但不能很好地描述多孔介质的传输。基于物理的分布式模型能够生成穿过域的真实轨迹,但初始模拟中纤维的速度太快,尽管对被动示踪剂很有效。添加延迟(等待时间)过程后,轨迹和行程时间得到了很好的描述。延迟过程的具体细节无法从这些实验中推断出来,但它对传输的整体影响提供了机理上的启示。这些对多孔介质中多孔纤维素运动轨迹和速度的直接观察表明,多孔纤维素很可能与其周围环境有强烈的相互作用。
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来源期刊
Water Resources Research
Water Resources Research 环境科学-湖沼学
CiteScore
8.80
自引率
13.00%
发文量
599
审稿时长
3.5 months
期刊介绍: Water Resources Research (WRR) is an interdisciplinary journal that focuses on hydrology and water resources. It publishes original research in the natural and social sciences of water. It emphasizes the role of water in the Earth system, including physical, chemical, biological, and ecological processes in water resources research and management, including social, policy, and public health implications. It encompasses observational, experimental, theoretical, analytical, numerical, and data-driven approaches that advance the science of water and its management. Submissions are evaluated for their novelty, accuracy, significance, and broader implications of the findings.
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