Soil Mulching Practices Increased Grain-Filling Capacity of Rainfed Maize (Zea mays L.) by Improving Soil Hydrothermal Condition and Leaf Photosynthetic Potential

IF 3.7 2区 农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY
Zhenqi Liao, Zhenlin Lai, Hongtai Kou, Hui Zhang, Zhijun Li, Fucang Zhang, Junliang Fan
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Grain-filling rate and duration largely affect the grain-filling capacity, which determines the grain yield of maize (Zea mays L.). Nevertheless, there is little about the mechanism of how various soil mulching practices affect the leaf photosynthetic potential and subsequent grain-filling capacity of maize. Field experiments were undertaken on rainfed summer maize in northwest China under flat cultivation without mulch (FNM), flat cultivation with straw mulch (FSM), flat cultivation with transparent film mulch (FTF), flat cultivation with black film mulch (FBF), ridge-furrow cultivation with transparent film mulch (RTF) and ridge-furrow cultivation with black film mulch (RBF) in 2021 and 2022. This study explored the impact of various soil mulching patterns on soil hydrothermal condition, leaf growth, photosynthetic potential, aboveground dry matter growth and grain-filling process of rainfed maize. The dynamics of leaf area index (LAI) and grain-filling were fitted with growth equations, and the relationships of grain-filling rate, leaf area duration and LAI withering rate were quantified. The results showed that, compared with FNM, other five soil mulching practices improved soil hydrothermal condition, the maximum LAI and leaf expansion rate but reduced leaf withering rate, thereby increasing radiation interception rate (RI) at the grain-filling stage. The soil mulching practices also increased leaf SPAD value, net photosynthetic rate, photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency and the aboveground dry matter. Compared with FNM, other five practices extended the effective grain-filling period and the active period of grain-filling, increased the maximum and mean grain-filling rates, improved the 100-kernel weight and the average kernel per ear (KPE), thereby increasing grain yields by 9.2%, 33.7%, 38.0%, 46.3% and 58.6%, respectively. The functional relationships of grain-filling rate and accumulated leaf area duration (y = a/(1 + b*exp(−kx))), and the functional relationships of grain-filling rate and LAI withering rate (y = (a + cx + ex2)/(1 + bx + dx2)) were first proposed. In conclusion, various soil mulching practices improved the soil hydrothermal condition, green leaves growth process and RI, which improved the leaf photosynthetic potential and the grain-filling capacity, thereby increasing the 100-kernel weight, KPE and grain yield. This study can help us quantitatively describe and better understand the maize grain-filling process under various mulching practices.

土壤覆盖措施通过改善土壤水热条件和叶片光合潜力提高雨养玉米(玉米)的籽粒充实能力
籽粒充实率和持续时间在很大程度上影响着籽粒充实能力,而籽粒充实能力决定着玉米(Zea mays L.)的籽粒产量。然而,关于各种土壤覆盖方法如何影响玉米叶片光合势及随后的籽粒充实能力的机理却知之甚少。本研究于 2021 年和 2022 年在中国西北地区进行了雨水灌溉夏玉米的田间试验,试验条件包括无地膜覆盖平作(FNM)、秸秆地膜覆盖平作(FSM)、透明薄膜地膜覆盖平作(FTF)、黑膜地膜覆盖平作(FBF)、透明薄膜地膜覆盖脊耕栽培(RTF)和黑膜地膜覆盖脊耕栽培(RBF)。本研究探讨了不同土壤覆盖模式对雨养玉米的土壤水热状况、叶片生长、光合势、地上部干物质生长和籽粒充实过程的影响。用生长方程拟合了叶面积指数(LAI)和籽粒饱满度的动态变化,并量化了籽粒饱满度、叶面积持续时间和 LAI 凋落率之间的关系。结果表明,与 FNM 相比,其他五种土壤覆盖方法改善了土壤水热条件、最大 LAI 和叶片扩展率,但降低了叶片枯萎率,从而提高了谷粒饱满期的辐射截获率(RI)。土壤覆盖还提高了叶片 SPAD 值、净光合速率、光合氮利用效率和地上部干物质。与 FNM 相比,其他五种方法延长了有效籽粒充实期和籽粒充实活跃期,提高了最大籽粒充实率和平均籽粒充实率,改善了百粒重和平均每穗籽粒数(KPE),从而使籽粒产量分别提高了 9.2%、33.7%、38.0%、46.3% 和 58.6%。首次提出了谷物饱满率与累积叶面积持续时间的函数关系(y = a/(1 + b*exp(-kx))),以及谷物饱满率与 LAI 枯萎率的函数关系(y = (a + cx + ex2)/(1 + bx + dx2))。总之,各种土壤覆盖措施改善了土壤水热条件、绿叶生长过程和RI,提高了叶片光合势和籽粒充实能力,从而增加了百粒重、KPE和籽粒产量。这项研究有助于我们定量描述和更好地理解各种覆盖措施下的玉米籽粒充实过程。
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来源期刊
Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science
Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science 农林科学-农艺学
CiteScore
8.20
自引率
5.70%
发文量
54
审稿时长
7.8 months
期刊介绍: The effects of stress on crop production of agricultural cultivated plants will grow to paramount importance in the 21st century, and the Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science aims to assist in understanding these challenges. In this context, stress refers to extreme conditions under which crops and forages grow. The journal publishes original papers and reviews on the general and special science of abiotic plant stress. Specific topics include: drought, including water-use efficiency, such as salinity, alkaline and acidic stress, extreme temperatures since heat, cold and chilling stress limit the cultivation of crops, flooding and oxidative stress, and means of restricting them. Special attention is on research which have the topic of narrowing the yield gap. The Journal will give preference to field research and studies on plant stress highlighting these subsections. Particular regard is given to application-oriented basic research and applied research. The application of the scientific principles of agricultural crop experimentation is an essential prerequisite for the publication. Studies based on field experiments must show that they have been repeated (at least three times) on the same organism or have been conducted on several different varieties.
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