Gabapentin and pregabalin exposures reported to United States poison centers, 2012-2022.

IF 2.4 3区医学 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Injury Epidemiology Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI:10.1186/s40621-024-00547-9

Emily J R Carter, Natalie I Rine, Sandhya Kistamgari, Hannah L Hays, Henry A Spiller, Jingzhen Yang, Motao Zhu, Gary A Smith

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background: Gabapentin and pregabalin were originally introduced as anticonvulsant medications but are now also prescribed on- and off-label for multiple medical disorders, especially for pain management. The national opioid crisis has led to increased use of non-opioid pain medications, including gabapentinoids, which has been associated with changing patterns of adverse events associated with these medications. This study investigated the characteristics and trends of gabapentin and pregabalin exposures reported to US poison centers from 2012 to 2022.

Methods: National Poison Data System data involving gabapentin and pregabalin exposures for 2012 to 2022 were analyzed.

Results: There were 124,161 exposures involving gabapentin and pregabalin as the primary substance reported to US poison centers during the study period. Most exposures involved gabapentin (85.9%), females (59.4%), single-substance exposures (62.9%), or occurred at a residence (97.2%). Suspected suicides accounted for 45.2% of exposures. Most exposures were associated with a minor effect (27.4%) or no effect (34.0%), while 22.1% experienced a serious medical outcome, including 96 fatalities. The rate of gabapentin and pregabalin exposures per one million US population increased by 236.1% from 22.7 in 2012 to 76.5 in 2019 (P < 0.001), followed by a non-significant decrease to 68.5 in 2022 (P = 0.068).

Conclusions: The rate of gabapentin and pregabalin exposures reported to US poison centers increased by more than 230% from 2012 to 2019 before plateauing from 2019 to 2022. The observed rate trend was driven primarily by gabapentin exposures and by cases associated with suspected suicide. Although most exposures were associated with a minor or no effect, 22% of individuals experienced a serious medical outcome, including 96 fatalities. These findings contribute to the discussion of rescheduling gabapentin as a federally controlled substance, which is the current status of pregabalin. Prevention of suicide associated with gabapentin and pregabalin merits special attention.

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2012-2022 年向美国毒物中心报告的加巴喷丁和普瑞巴林暴露情况。

背景：加巴喷丁（Gabapentin）和普瑞巴林（Pregabalin）最初是作为抗惊厥药物推出的，但现在也被用于治疗多种疾病，特别是疼痛治疗。全国性的阿片类药物危机导致包括加巴喷丁在内的非阿片类止痛药物的使用增加，这与这些药物相关不良事件模式的变化有关。本研究调查了 2012 年至 2022 年期间向美国毒物中心报告的加巴喷丁和普瑞巴林暴露的特征和趋势：分析了 2012 年至 2022 年涉及加巴喷丁和普瑞巴林的全国毒物数据系统数据：在研究期间，美国毒物中心共接到 124,161 起以加巴喷丁和普瑞巴林为主要物质的中毒报告。大多数暴露涉及加巴喷丁（85.9%）、女性（59.4%）、单一物质暴露（62.9%）或发生在住所（97.2%）。疑似自杀事件占暴露事件的 45.2%。大多数药物接触导致轻微影响（27.4%）或无影响（34.0%），22.1%导致严重医疗后果，其中包括 96 例死亡病例。每百万美国人口中的加巴喷丁和普瑞巴林暴露率从 2012 年的 22.7 上升至 2019 年的 76.5，上升了 236.1%（P 结论：加巴喷丁和普瑞巴林的暴露率从 2012 年的 22.7 上升至 2019 年的 76.5，上升了 236.1%）：从 2012 年到 2019 年，向美国毒物中心报告的加巴喷丁和普瑞巴林暴露率增加了 230% 以上，然后从 2019 年到 2022 年趋于平稳。观察到的中毒率趋势主要是由加巴喷丁中毒和疑似自杀病例引起的。尽管大多数暴露与轻微影响或无影响有关，但仍有 22% 的人经历了严重的医疗后果，其中包括 96 例死亡病例。这些发现有助于讨论将加巴喷丁重新列为联邦管制药物的问题，这也是普瑞巴林的现状。预防与加巴喷丁和普瑞巴林相关的自杀值得特别关注。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Injury Epidemiology Medicine-Medicine (all)

CiteScore

3.20

自引率

4.50%

发文量

审稿时长

13 weeks

期刊介绍： Injury Epidemiology is dedicated to advancing the scientific foundation for injury prevention and control through timely publication and dissemination of peer-reviewed research. Injury Epidemiology aims to be the premier venue for communicating epidemiologic studies of unintentional and intentional injuries, including, but not limited to, morbidity and mortality from motor vehicle crashes, drug overdose/poisoning, falls, drowning, fires/burns, iatrogenic injury, suicide, homicide, assaults, and abuse. We welcome investigations designed to understand the magnitude, distribution, determinants, causes, prevention, diagnosis, treatment, prognosis, and outcomes of injuries in specific population groups, geographic regions, and environmental settings (e.g., home, workplace, transport, recreation, sports, and urban/rural). Injury Epidemiology has a special focus on studies generating objective and practical knowledge that can be translated into interventions to reduce injury morbidity and mortality on a population level. Priority consideration will be given to manuscripts that feature contemporary theories and concepts, innovative methods, and novel techniques as applied to injury surveillance, risk assessment, development and implementation of effective interventions, and program and policy evaluation.