Behaviour therapy for obesity in older adults.

Abstract

Obesity presents a significant public health challenge, with a growing prevalence among older adults and addressing obesity in older adults presents unique challenges. Behaviour therapy is a cornerstone in obesity management, yet its application in older populations, is underexplored. This narrative review, based on the current literature, examines the role of behavioural change techniques (BCTs) in addressing obesity in older adults, highlighting the need for tailored interventions that consider age-related challenges. BCTs are integral in promoting long-term behaviour change, enhancing self-management, and ensuring adherence to treatment plans. While existing evidence suggests the efficacy of several BCTs such as self-monitoring, goal setting, motivational interviewing, and social support in obesity management, further research is needed to understand their impact in older age groups with multimorbidity and combinations of geriatric syndromes. The impact of these techniques may vary based on factors such as patients' clinical features, cognitive function, sensory deficits, social factors and psychological aspects unique to aging individuals. Therefore, the design and implementation of BCTs in this population require careful evaluation and customization. Tailored interventions that consider the unique needs of this population, such as preserving muscle mass and addressing functional limitations, are essential. Future research should focus on large-scale, well-designed trials to elucidate the optimal BCTs for older individuals, ensuring interventions are diverse and inclusive to meet the needs of older adults with obesity.