Gut microbiome and inflammation in cardiovascular drug response: trends in therapeutic success and commercial focus.

IF 4.6 2区医学 Q2 IMMUNOLOGY

Inflammopharmacology Pub Date : 2024-11-02 DOI:10.1007/s10787-024-01593-x

Firoz Anwar, Fahad A Al-Abbasi, Omar A Al-Bar, Amita Verma, Vikas Kumar

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

The intricate Gut microbiome is evolving as an important system and is hypothesized to be a "metabolic organ" within the host. Alterations in Gut microbiota and inflammation associated with several diseases play a crucial role in drug transformation through microbiota-host co-metabolism, modified pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics profiles, and may result in the formation of toxic metabolites with interference in drug response. In recent studies, a large number of drugs are reported that are co-metabolized by the host and the Gut microbial enzymes. we summarize the direct and indirect involvement of Gut microbiome promotion or inhibition of cardiovascular diseases, mechanisms on bioavailability, and therapeutic outcomes of cardiovascular drugs, particularly pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics profiles in light of AUC, T_max, C_max, and bioavailability and drug transportation via immune cells, inter-individual variations in intestinal microbial taxonomy, influence of drugs on diversity and richness of microflora, high lightening limitations and significance of in personalized medicine. Recent advances in target-drug delivery by nanoparticles with limitations and challenges in application are discussed. The cross-talk between Gut microbiota and cardiovascular drugs signifies a better understanding and rationale for targeting the Gut microbiota to improve the therapeutic outcome for cardiovascular diseases, with present-day limitations.

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心血管药物反应中的肠道微生物组和炎症：治疗成功的趋势和商业焦点。

错综复杂的肠道微生物群正在演变为一个重要的系统，并被假定为宿主体内的一个 "代谢器官"。与多种疾病相关的肠道微生物群变化和炎症在药物转化过程中起着至关重要的作用，它们通过微生物群-宿主协同代谢，改变药代动力学和药效学特征，并可能导致有毒代谢物的形成，干扰药物反应。最近的研究报道了大量可被宿主和肠道微生物酶共同代谢的药物。我们总结了肠道微生物群对心血管疾病的直接和间接促进或抑制作用、对生物利用度的影响机制、心血管药物的治疗效果，特别是药代动力学和药效学方面的 AUC、Tmax、Cmax、生物利用度和通过免疫细胞的药物运输、肠道微生物分类中的个体间差异、药物对微生物群多样性和丰富度的影响、高亮度限制以及在个性化医疗中的意义。还讨论了纳米颗粒靶向给药的最新进展以及应用中的局限性和挑战。肠道微生物群与心血管药物之间的交叉对话标志着人们对靶向肠道微生物群改善心血管疾病治疗效果的更好理解和理论依据，但目前还存在局限性。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Inflammopharmacology IMMUNOLOGYTOXICOLOGY-TOXICOLOGY

CiteScore

8.00

自引率

3.40%

发文量

200

期刊介绍： Inflammopharmacology is the official publication of the Gastrointestinal Section of the International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology (IUPHAR) and the Hungarian Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Society (HECPS). Inflammopharmacology publishes papers on all aspects of inflammation and its pharmacological control emphasizing comparisons of (a) different inflammatory states, and (b) the actions, therapeutic efficacy and safety of drugs employed in the treatment of inflammatory conditions. The comparative aspects of the types of inflammatory conditions include gastrointestinal disease (e.g. ulcerative colitis, Crohn''s disease), parasitic diseases, toxicological manifestations of the effects of drugs and environmental agents, arthritic conditions, and inflammatory effects of injury or aging on skeletal muscle. The journal has seven main interest areas: -Drug-Disease Interactions - Conditional Pharmacology - i.e. where the condition (disease or stress state) influences the therapeutic response and side (adverse) effects from anti-inflammatory drugs. Mechanisms of drug-disease and drug disease interactions and the role of different stress states -Rheumatology - particular emphasis on methods of measurement of clinical response effects of new agents, adverse effects from anti-rheumatic drugs -Gastroenterology - with particular emphasis on animal and human models, mechanisms of mucosal inflammation and ulceration and effects of novel and established anti-ulcer, anti-inflammatory agents, or antiparasitic agents -Neuro-Inflammation and Pain - model systems, pharmacology of new analgesic agents and mechanisms of neuro-inflammation and pain -Novel drugs, natural products and nutraceuticals - and their effects on inflammatory processes, especially where there are indications of novel modes action compared with conventional drugs e.g. NSAIDs -Muscle-immune interactions during inflammation [...]