Factors underlying differences in knowledge, explicit stigma and implicit biases towards autism across Hong Kong, the United Kingdom and the United States.

IF 5.2 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENTAL
Autism Pub Date : 2024-11-02 DOI:10.1177/13623613241290565
Yulin Cheng, Patrick Dwyer, Connor Tom Keating
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Lay abstract: Attitudes towards autism vary across countries. Some of this variation could reflect differences in cultural values across countries, or differences in how much people know about autism. Until now, most research on this topic has asked people directly about their attitudes towards interacting with autistic people. As a result, we understand little about why some people unconsciously hold negative attitudes towards autism, and whether these unconscious attitudes vary across countries. We studied explicit attitudes (willingness to interact), implicit attitudes (unconscious beliefs), knowledge about autism, and cultural values in university students from Hong Kong, the United Kingdom and the United States. We found that people were less willing to interact with autistic people if they knew less about autism, aligned with a competitive and hierarchical society ('vertical individualism'), did not see themselves as part of a collective whose members are equal (less 'horizontal collectivism'), and if they unconcsciously associated autism with negative attributes. Students in Hong Kong were less willing to interact with autistic people and had less understanding of autism compared to those in the United Kingdom and the United States. Unconscious biases did not differ across countries. Our findings highlight the need to combat misconceptions about autism to improve attitudes towards autistic people, especially in Hong Kong. Unfortunately, our results suggest that acquiring more accurate knowledge may not be sufficient to alter unconscious biases. Further research is needed to determine the factors underlying unconscious biases.

香港、英国和美国对自闭症的认知差异、显性成见和隐性偏见的内在因素。
内容提要:各国对自闭症的态度各不相同。这种差异可能反映了各国文化价值观的不同,也可能反映了人们对自闭症了解程度的不同。迄今为止,有关这一主题的大多数研究都是直接询问人们对与自闭症患者交往的态度。因此,我们对为什么有些人会无意识地对自闭症持有负面态度,以及这些无意识的态度在不同国家是否存在差异知之甚少。我们研究了香港、英国和美国大学生的显性态度(互动意愿)、隐性态度(无意识信念)、自闭症知识和文化价值观。我们发现,如果人们对自闭症的了解较少,认同竞争和等级制社会("纵向个人主义"),不认为自己是一个成员平等的集体的一部分("横向集体主义 "较少),以及不自觉地将自闭症与负面属性联系在一起,那么他们就不太愿意与自闭症患者交往。与英国和美国的学生相比,香港的学生不太愿意与自闭症患者交流,对自闭症的了解也较少。无意识偏见在不同国家并无差异。我们的研究结果突出表明,有必要消除对自闭症的误解,以改善人们对自闭症患者的态度,尤其是在香港。遗憾的是,我们的研究结果表明,获得更准确的知识可能不足以改变无意识偏见。要确定无意识偏见的潜在因素,还需要进一步的研究。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Autism
Autism PSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENTAL-
CiteScore
9.80
自引率
11.50%
发文量
160
期刊介绍: Autism is a major, peer-reviewed, international journal, published 8 times a year, publishing research of direct and practical relevance to help improve the quality of life for individuals with autism or autism-related disorders. It is interdisciplinary in nature, focusing on research in many areas, including: intervention; diagnosis; training; education; translational issues related to neuroscience, medical and genetic issues of practical import; psychological processes; evaluation of particular therapies; quality of life; family needs; and epidemiological research. Autism provides a major international forum for peer-reviewed research of direct and practical relevance to improving the quality of life for individuals with autism or autism-related disorders. The journal''s success and popularity reflect the recent worldwide growth in the research and understanding of autistic spectrum disorders, and the consequent impact on the provision of treatment and care. Autism is interdisciplinary in nature, focusing on evaluative research in all areas, including: intervention, diagnosis, training, education, neuroscience, psychological processes, evaluation of particular therapies, quality of life issues, family issues and family services, medical and genetic issues, epidemiological research.
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