Urinary health indicators in folivorous-frugivorous primates with and without food supplementation.

IF 1.3 4区 生物学 Q2 ZOOLOGY
Janaína Paula Back, Júlio César Bicca-Marques
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Abstract

Food supplementation by humans in peri-urban and urban landscapes can lead to excessive intake of energy and certain macronutrients, and affect animal health. In this study, we evaluated the influence of food supplementation on urinary health indicators in brown howler monkeys (Alouatta guariba) by comparing supplemented and non-supplemented free-ranging peri-urban groups. We also evaluated the effect of sex, day shift, and season of sampling. Between August 2021 and August 2022, we non-invasively collected 61 samples (43 from females and 18 from males) from adult individuals (N = 10) in three supplemented groups and 56 samples (25 from females and 31 from males) from adults (N = 7) in three non-supplemented groups. The supplements, mostly raw foods (e.g., fruits, vegetables, and tubers) and bread, represented 18% of the total fresh mass ingested by the supplemented groups. We assessed pH, density, and the presence of eight urine components (glucose, bilirubin, ketones, protein, urobilinogen, nitrite, blood, and leukocytes) using reagent urine strips. Season of sampling predicted urine density (mean = 1.022), while both season and day shift predicted pH (mean = 6.5). The occurrence of supplementation was a weak predictor of these parameters. Finally, we detected leukocytes in 21% of the 117 samples. We did not identify any visible signs of disease in any individual throughout the study and found no clinical changes in urine under the conditions studied. We urge validation of the results with urine strips to facilitate monitoring of the health of howler monkeys living in anthropogenic landscapes in the presence or absence of dietary supplementation.

补充和不补充食物的食叶-食草灵长类动物的尿液健康指标。
人类在城市周边和城市景观中补充食物会导致能量和某些宏量营养素摄入过量,并影响动物健康。在这项研究中,我们通过比较补充食物和不补充食物的近郊自由放养群体,评估了食物补充对棕色吼猴(Alouatta guariba)尿液健康指标的影响。我们还评估了性别、日班和采样季节的影响。在2021年8月至2022年8月期间,我们非侵入性地采集了三个补充营养组的成年个体(10只)的61份样本(雌性43份,雄性18份)和三个非补充营养组的成年个体(7只)的56份样本(雌性25份,雄性31份)。补充剂主要是生食(如水果、蔬菜和块茎)和面包,占补充剂组摄入新鲜食物总量的 18%。我们使用试剂尿条评估了尿液的 pH 值、密度和八种尿液成分(葡萄糖、胆红素、酮体、蛋白质、尿蛋白原、亚硝酸盐、血液和白细胞)。采样季节可预测尿液密度(平均值 = 1.022),而季节和日班可预测 pH 值(平均值 = 6.5)。补充营养对这些参数的预测作用较弱。最后,我们在 117 份样本中的 21% 检测到了白细胞。在整个研究过程中,我们没有在任何个体身上发现任何明显的疾病征兆,在研究条件下也没有发现尿液有任何临床变化。我们敦促用尿液试纸对结果进行验证,以方便监测生活在人为景观中的吼猴在有无饮食补充的情况下的健康状况。
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来源期刊
Primates
Primates 生物-动物学
CiteScore
3.10
自引率
17.60%
发文量
71
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: Primates is an international journal of primatology whose aim is to provide a forum for the elucidation of all aspects of primates. The oldest primatological journal, Primates publishes original papers that advance the scientific study of primates, and its scope embraces work in diverse fields covering biological bases of behavior, socio-ecology, learning and cognition, social processes, systematics, evolution, and medicine. Contributions relevant to conservation of natural populations and welfare of captive primates are welcome. Studies focusing on nonprimate species may be considered if their relevance to primatology is clear. Original Articles as well as Review Articles, News and Perspectives, and Book Reviews are included. All manuscripts received are initially screened for suitability by members of the Editorial Board, taking into account style and ethical issues, leading to a swift decision about whether to send the manuscript for external review.
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