Shear-Dominant Continental Rifting in Northern Ryukyu Revealed by Ambient Noise Tomography

IF 3.9 2区 地球科学 Q1 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS
Kai-Xun Chen, Ban-Yuan Kuo, Ting-Jun Lin, Pei-Ying Patty Lin, Yuancheng Gung, Eh Tan, Shuichi Kodaira, Yasushi Ishihara, Mamoru Nakamura, Ryuta Arai, Fang-Yi Lee, Shu-Huei Hung, Kate Huihsuan Chen, Ching-Ren Lin, Chau-Chang Wang
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Abstract

In this study, we reveal the deformational structure of the crust of the northern part of the Ryukyu Arc and Okinawa Trough using ambient noise tomography. Compared with southern Ryukyu, the northern segment exhibits a wide and shallow basin, a crust without localized thinning, slow extension rates, and highly arc-oblique, right-lateral retreat of the Ryukyu Arc. We present both isotropic and azimuthally anisotropic shear-wave velocity models using data recorded by an ocean-bottom seismometer array and nearby island stations. The isotropic model demonstrates a monotonic decrease in velocity from the backarc to the forearc, in accord with the accretionary-prism origin of the latter. The resolved azimuthal anisotropy exhibits arc-parallel and arc-perpendicular fast shear-wave polarization directions in the upper to mid-crust and the lower crust to uppermost mantle in much of the arc and backarc, respectively. We interpret the arc-parallel anisotropy as resulting from the anisotropic fabrics aligned by the vertical shearing imposed by the right-lateral motion of the Ryukyu Arc. The underlying arc-perpendicular anisotropy may be attributed to horizontal shearing driven by corner flow in the mantle wedge. We found arc-perpendicular anisotropy in the forearc upper crust, which may reflect crack alignment caused by the collision of the Amami Plateau. The oblique arc retreat and the resolved deformation fabrics in the arc and backarc together attest to the shear-dominant, transtensional nature of the northern Ryukyu continental rift system. Some of the features in northern Ryukyu may be better explained from the perspective of transtensional rifting.

Abstract Image

环境噪声断层扫描揭示的北琉球剪切主导型大陆裂陷
在这项研究中,我们利用环境噪声层析成像技术揭示了琉球弧北部和冲绳海槽地壳的变形结构。与琉球南部相比,琉球弧北段呈现出宽而浅的盆地、没有局部变薄的地壳、缓慢的延伸率以及高度弧斜和琉球弧的右侧退缩。我们利用海底地震仪阵列和附近岛屿台站记录的数据,提出了各向同性和方位各向异性剪切波速度模型。各向同性模型显示,从后弧到前弧,速度呈单调递减,这与前弧的增生棱镜起源相一致。解析的方位各向异性显示,在弧和背弧的大部分地区,上地壳到中地壳以及下地壳到最上层地幔分别存在弧平行和弧垂直的快速剪切波极化方向。我们将弧平行各向异性解释为由琉球弧右侧运动所施加的垂直剪切力对齐的各向异性结构所造成的。底层的弧垂直各向异性可能是由地幔楔角流驱动的水平剪切造成的。我们在弧前上地壳中发现了弧垂直各向异性,这可能反映了奄美高原碰撞造成的裂缝排列。弧线的斜向后退以及弧线和背弧的解析变形结构共同证明了琉球北部大陆裂谷系统的剪切主导和横断性质。从横断裂谷的角度来看,琉球北部的一些特征可能会得到更好的解释。
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来源期刊
Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth
Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth Earth and Planetary Sciences-Geophysics
CiteScore
7.50
自引率
15.40%
发文量
559
期刊介绍: The Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth serves as the premier publication for the breadth of solid Earth geophysics including (in alphabetical order): electromagnetic methods; exploration geophysics; geodesy and gravity; geodynamics, rheology, and plate kinematics; geomagnetism and paleomagnetism; hydrogeophysics; Instruments, techniques, and models; solid Earth interactions with the cryosphere, atmosphere, oceans, and climate; marine geology and geophysics; natural and anthropogenic hazards; near surface geophysics; petrology, geochemistry, and mineralogy; planet Earth physics and chemistry; rock mechanics and deformation; seismology; tectonophysics; and volcanology. JGR: Solid Earth has long distinguished itself as the venue for publication of Research Articles backed solidly by data and as well as presenting theoretical and numerical developments with broad applications. Research Articles published in JGR: Solid Earth have had long-term impacts in their fields. JGR: Solid Earth provides a venue for special issues and special themes based on conferences, workshops, and community initiatives. JGR: Solid Earth also publishes Commentaries on research and emerging trends in the field; these are commissioned by the editors, and suggestion are welcome.
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