{"title":"Unleashing the elastocaloric cooling potential of 3D-printed NiTi alloy with heterogeneous microstructures and Ni4Ti3 nanoparticles","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2024.111918","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Toward the development of elastocaloric (eC) refrigeration applications, this study examines how Ni<sub>4</sub>Ti<sub>3</sub> nanoparticles improve the eC properties of laser powder bed-fused (LPBF) NiTi alloys, with a focus on the formation of a NiTi/Ni<sub>4</sub>Ti<sub>3</sub> nanocomposite. The LPBF-produced microstructure offers significant advantages: <em>i</em>) a heterogeneous grain structure that provides complementary benefits—fine grains offer higher deformation resistance while coarse grains initiate phase transformation (PT) earlier, releasing more latent heat; <em>ii</em>) a strong <001>//building direction texture that enhances recoverability. However, these benefits are partially limited by grain boundary slip during PT, leading to lower cooling efficiency and increased energy dissipation in as-built NiTi alloys. To address these issues, Ni<sub>4</sub>Ti<sub>3</sub> nanoparticles are introduced through aging treatment, forming a composite structure that strengthens grain boundaries. Given the challenges of applying severe plastic deformation to 3D-printed components, this approach may offer a more practical solution. The study also reveals that Ni<sub>4</sub>Ti<sub>3</sub> nanoparticles contribute to: <em>1</em>) reducing Ni content in the matrix, increasing lattice size and enthalpy, which enhances the temperature drop (<em>ΔT</em><sub><em>ad</em></sub>); and <em>2</em>) promoting R phase formation, which hinders the B2↔B19’ PT, reducing energy dissipation and improving the coefficient of performance (<em>COP</em><sub><em>mat</em></sub>). The balance of these effects depends on nanoparticle size, with smaller particles (∼5–12 nm) amplifying the second effect, while larger particles (∼130 nm) increase the first effect. At 350 °C aging, the optimized nanocomposite exhibits a maximum <em>COP</em><sub><em>mat</em></sub> of 15 and <em>ΔT</em><sub><em>ad</em></sub> of 14K, representing a 163 % improvement over the as-built alloy. This work highlights the potential of NiTi composites in 3D-printed eC components.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10660,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part B: Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":12.7000,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Composites Part B: Engineering","FirstCategoryId":"5","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1359836824007303","RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Toward the development of elastocaloric (eC) refrigeration applications, this study examines how Ni4Ti3 nanoparticles improve the eC properties of laser powder bed-fused (LPBF) NiTi alloys, with a focus on the formation of a NiTi/Ni4Ti3 nanocomposite. The LPBF-produced microstructure offers significant advantages: i) a heterogeneous grain structure that provides complementary benefits—fine grains offer higher deformation resistance while coarse grains initiate phase transformation (PT) earlier, releasing more latent heat; ii) a strong <001>//building direction texture that enhances recoverability. However, these benefits are partially limited by grain boundary slip during PT, leading to lower cooling efficiency and increased energy dissipation in as-built NiTi alloys. To address these issues, Ni4Ti3 nanoparticles are introduced through aging treatment, forming a composite structure that strengthens grain boundaries. Given the challenges of applying severe plastic deformation to 3D-printed components, this approach may offer a more practical solution. The study also reveals that Ni4Ti3 nanoparticles contribute to: 1) reducing Ni content in the matrix, increasing lattice size and enthalpy, which enhances the temperature drop (ΔTad); and 2) promoting R phase formation, which hinders the B2↔B19’ PT, reducing energy dissipation and improving the coefficient of performance (COPmat). The balance of these effects depends on nanoparticle size, with smaller particles (∼5–12 nm) amplifying the second effect, while larger particles (∼130 nm) increase the first effect. At 350 °C aging, the optimized nanocomposite exhibits a maximum COPmat of 15 and ΔTad of 14K, representing a 163 % improvement over the as-built alloy. This work highlights the potential of NiTi composites in 3D-printed eC components.
期刊介绍:
Composites Part B: Engineering is a journal that publishes impactful research of high quality on composite materials. This research is supported by fundamental mechanics and materials science and engineering approaches. The targeted research can cover a wide range of length scales, ranging from nano to micro and meso, and even to the full product and structure level. The journal specifically focuses on engineering applications that involve high performance composites. These applications can range from low volume and high cost to high volume and low cost composite development.
The main goal of the journal is to provide a platform for the prompt publication of original and high quality research. The emphasis is on design, development, modeling, validation, and manufacturing of engineering details and concepts. The journal welcomes both basic research papers and proposals for review articles. Authors are encouraged to address challenges across various application areas. These areas include, but are not limited to, aerospace, automotive, and other surface transportation. The journal also covers energy-related applications, with a focus on renewable energy. Other application areas include infrastructure, off-shore and maritime projects, health care technology, and recreational products.