Scolecopteris oxydonta sp. nov., a new marattialean fern from the early Permian Wuda Tuff Flora

IF 1.7 3区 地球科学 Q2 PALEONTOLOGY
Wenjun Sun , Weiming Zhou , Yifei Wu , Josef Pšenička , Jason Hilton , Jun Wang
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Abstract

A marattialean fern with organically connected fertile and vegetative parts is described from the early Permian Wuda Tuff Flora in Inner Mongolia, China. The tripinnate fronds have typical pecopterid vegetative pinnules but do not match any known Pecopteris species. The fertile pinnules are distinctly different from the vegetative ones, with an extended margin that forms long lobes, bending abaxially to cover the synangia. Each fertile pinnule bears 7–10 ovate, pedicellate synangia arranged abaxially in a single row to either side of the midvein, with each synangium composed of 3–4 elongate sporangia. The sporangium wall is three-layered, with the outermost layer differentiated into four areas peripherally to provide differing mechanical strengths and facilitate dehiscence. In situ spores are trilete and 39–45 μm in diameter. These combined characteristics place the studied fern in the Scolecopteris Minor group of the Psaroniaceae family. The new species, Scolecopteris oxydonta sp. nov., exhibits many evolutionarily advanced traits such as modified fertile pinnules, unvascularized pedicels, differentiated sporangium walls, and a specialized opening mechanism. However, S. oxydonta sp. nov. also retains evolutionarily primitive traits including relatively large spores. S. oxydonta sp. nov. represents the fourth Scolecopteris species recognized from the Wuda Tuff Flora, adding to the growing body of evidence on the morphology and diversity of marattialean plants from the Permian of Cathaysia. We also consider preservational differences among the specimens and suggest that the composition and morphology of fertile pinnules produced closed microenvironments during early diagenesis that facilitated localized anatomical preservation.
二叠纪早期乌达凝灰岩植物群中新发现的一种蕨类植物 Scolecopteris oxydonta sp.
该研究描述了中国内蒙古早二叠世武达凝灰岩植物区系中的一种蕨类植物,其可育部分和无性部分有机地连接在一起。三出羽状叶片具有典型的猯形无性小羽片,但与任何已知的猯形物种都不一致。能育小羽片与无性小羽片明显不同,边缘延长,形成长裂片,背面弯曲,覆盖合叶。每个能育小羽片上都有 7-10 个卵形、有花梗的合蕊柱,在中脉两侧单排排列,每个合蕊柱由 3-4 个细长的孢子囊组成。孢子囊壁有三层,最外层外围分化成四个区域,以提供不同的机械强度,便于开裂。原位孢子呈三裂状,直径为 39-45 μm。这些综合特征将所研究的蕨类植物归入茜草科 Scolecopteris Minor 组。新种 Scolecopteris oxydonta sp. nov. 在进化过程中表现出许多先进的特征,如经修饰的能育小羽片、无维管束的花梗、分化的孢子囊壁和特化的开口机制。然而,S. oxydonta sp.S. oxydonta sp. nov.是在武大凝灰岩植物群中发现的第四个鞘翅目植物物种,从而为有关国夏二叠纪海洋植物的形态和多样性的证据库增添了新的内容。我们还考虑了标本之间的保存差异,并认为可育小羽叶的组成和形态在早期成岩过程中产生了封闭的微环境,有利于局部解剖结构的保存。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
3.50
自引率
21.10%
发文量
149
审稿时长
6 months
期刊介绍: The Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology is an international journal for articles in all fields of palaeobotany and palynology dealing with all groups, ranging from marine palynomorphs to higher land plants. Original contributions and comprehensive review papers should appeal to an international audience. Typical topics include but are not restricted to systematics, evolution, palaeobiology, palaeoecology, biostratigraphy, biochronology, palaeoclimatology, paleogeography, taphonomy, palaeoenvironmental reconstructions, vegetation history, and practical applications of palaeobotany and palynology, e.g. in coal and petroleum geology and archaeology. The journal especially encourages the publication of articles in which palaeobotany and palynology are applied for solving fundamental geological and biological problems as well as innovative and interdisciplinary approaches.
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