Predictive significance of hypertension in the incidence of complications in critically ill patients with COVID‑19: A retrospective cohort study.

Abstract

The association between hypertension as a pre-existing comorbidity and the severe form of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) remains unclear due to the contradictory results of previously published studies. The present study evaluated the predictive significance of hypertension in the incidence of complications among critically ill patients with COVID-19. The present study included 372 critically ill adults with COVID-19 pneumonia, hospitalized between January 1 and December 31, 2021. The study cohort was divided into the hypertension group (HTA group), which included 245 patients with a history of hypertension, or a non-HTA group (control group), which included 127 patients without hypertension. The incidence of complications was retrospectively extracted from medical records and compared between groups. Multivariate regression analysis (adjusted for potential confounders) and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis determined the predictive significance of hypertension on the incidence of complications. The patients in the HTA group were more likely to receive invasive mechanical ventilation [odds ratio (OR), 1.696; P<0.02], develop sepsis (OR, 1.807; P<0.01) and develop complications (OR, 3.101; P<0.001). Hypertension was an independent positive predictor for invasive mechanical ventilation [area under the curve (AUC), 0.67; positive predictive value (PPV), 71.7%; P<0.05], sepsis (AUC, 0.69; PPV, 77.5%; P<0.026) and total complications per patient (AUC, 0.71; PPV, 81.4%; P<0.001). On the whole, the data of the present study indicate that a history of hypertension should be considered as an independent clinical predictor of a higher incidence of complications in critically ill patients with COVID-19. Patients with pre-existing hypertension and a diagnosis of COVID-19 require timely identification, additional attention and treatment to avoid a critical course and help improve outcomes.