War-related trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder in refugees, displaced, and nondisplaced people during armed conflict in Sudan: a cross-sectional study.

IF 3.1 2区 医学 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH
Khadija A Khalil, Galia Tajelsir Fadulelmula Mohammed, Ahmed Balla M Ahmed, Salma S Alrawa, Hager Elawad, Amna A Almahal, Radia F Mohamed, Eithar M Ali
{"title":"War-related trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder in refugees, displaced, and nondisplaced people during armed conflict in Sudan: a cross-sectional study.","authors":"Khadija A Khalil, Galia Tajelsir Fadulelmula Mohammed, Ahmed Balla M Ahmed, Salma S Alrawa, Hager Elawad, Amna A Almahal, Radia F Mohamed, Eithar M Ali","doi":"10.1186/s13031-024-00627-z","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The ongoing armed conflict in Sudan has caused mass displacement, affecting mental health. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and trauma among refugees, internally displaced, and nondisplaced people, while also examining the link between displacement type, PTSD severity, and associated factors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study used the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for DSM-5 to assess PTSD symptoms and the General Health Questionnaire-28 to evaluate depression. Data were collected from 642 participants, targeting general social media groups for those within Sudan and specific groups for refugees outside the country. Sociodemographic and trauma event data were also gathered. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS, applying one-way ANOVA and independent t-tests to compare PTSD and depression. Binary logistic regression identified associations between sociodemographic factors and PTSD symptoms.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the 642 participants, 46.3% were internally displaced people (IDP), 42.1% were refugees, and 11.7% were non-displaced individuals. Clinically significant PTSD symptoms were identified in 36.6% of the participants. Refugees had a significantly greater percentage of traumatic events (M = 4.31, SD = 2.605, p < .01). Depression symptoms were found to be strongly associated with clinically significant PTSD (p < .001). Factors significantly linked to depression symptoms included female gender (p = 0.015), being single (p = 0.048), younger age (p = 0.036), dissatisfaction with living conditions (p < 0.001), and unemployment (p = 0.021). Dissatisfaction with living conditions also significantly influenced the likelihood of developing PTSD (p < .001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study found that 36.6% of participants experienced PTSD, with refugees having a 1.4 times greater risk of developing PTSD compared to IDP and non-displaced individuals. Traumatic events were moderately correlated with PTSD symptoms, though non-displaced individuals had higher exposure to such events. These findings highlight the need for targeted mental health interventions, particularly for refugees and those affected by traumatic events. Further research using probability sampling is necessary to confirm these results and inform more effective mental health policies and programs for displaced populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":54287,"journal":{"name":"Conflict and Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1000,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11529004/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Conflict and Health","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13031-024-00627-z","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background: The ongoing armed conflict in Sudan has caused mass displacement, affecting mental health. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and trauma among refugees, internally displaced, and nondisplaced people, while also examining the link between displacement type, PTSD severity, and associated factors.

Methods: This cross-sectional study used the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for DSM-5 to assess PTSD symptoms and the General Health Questionnaire-28 to evaluate depression. Data were collected from 642 participants, targeting general social media groups for those within Sudan and specific groups for refugees outside the country. Sociodemographic and trauma event data were also gathered. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS, applying one-way ANOVA and independent t-tests to compare PTSD and depression. Binary logistic regression identified associations between sociodemographic factors and PTSD symptoms.

Results: Among the 642 participants, 46.3% were internally displaced people (IDP), 42.1% were refugees, and 11.7% were non-displaced individuals. Clinically significant PTSD symptoms were identified in 36.6% of the participants. Refugees had a significantly greater percentage of traumatic events (M = 4.31, SD = 2.605, p < .01). Depression symptoms were found to be strongly associated with clinically significant PTSD (p < .001). Factors significantly linked to depression symptoms included female gender (p = 0.015), being single (p = 0.048), younger age (p = 0.036), dissatisfaction with living conditions (p < 0.001), and unemployment (p = 0.021). Dissatisfaction with living conditions also significantly influenced the likelihood of developing PTSD (p < .001).

Conclusion: The study found that 36.6% of participants experienced PTSD, with refugees having a 1.4 times greater risk of developing PTSD compared to IDP and non-displaced individuals. Traumatic events were moderately correlated with PTSD symptoms, though non-displaced individuals had higher exposure to such events. These findings highlight the need for targeted mental health interventions, particularly for refugees and those affected by traumatic events. Further research using probability sampling is necessary to confirm these results and inform more effective mental health policies and programs for displaced populations.

苏丹武装冲突期间难民、流离失所者和非流离失所者中与战争有关的创伤和创伤后应激障碍:一项横断面研究。
背景:苏丹持续不断的武装冲突造成了大规模的流离失所,影响了人们的心理健康。本研究旨在评估创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)和心理创伤在难民、境内流离失所者和非流离失所者中的患病率,同时研究流离失所类型、创伤后应激障碍严重程度和相关因素之间的联系:这项横断面研究使用 DSM-5 的创伤后应激障碍核对表来评估创伤后应激障碍症状,并使用一般健康问卷-28 来评估抑郁症状。研究收集了 642 名参与者的数据,针对苏丹境内的一般社交媒体群组和境外难民的特定群组。此外,还收集了社会人口学和创伤事件数据。数据分析使用 SPSS 进行,采用单因素方差分析和独立 t 检验来比较创伤后应激障碍和抑郁。二元逻辑回归确定了社会人口因素与创伤后应激障碍症状之间的关联:在 642 名参与者中,46.3% 为境内流离失所者 (IDP),42.1% 为难民,11.7% 为非流离失所者。在 36.6% 的参与者中发现了有临床意义的创伤后应激障碍症状。难民的创伤事件比例明显更高(M = 4.31,SD = 2.605,P 结论:难民的创伤事件比例明显更高(M = 4.31,SD = 2.605,P 结论):研究发现,36.6% 的参与者患有创伤后应激障碍,与国内流离失所者和非流离失所者相比,难民患创伤后应激障碍的风险高出 1.4 倍。创伤事件与创伤后应激障碍症状呈中度相关,但非流离失所者更容易受到此类事件的影响。这些发现突出表明,有必要采取有针对性的心理健康干预措施,尤其是针对难民和受创伤事件影响的人群。有必要使用概率抽样法开展进一步研究,以确认这些结果,并为针对流离失所人群的更有效的心理健康政策和计划提供信息。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
求助全文
约1分钟内获得全文 求助全文
来源期刊
Conflict and Health
Conflict and Health Medicine-Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
CiteScore
6.10
自引率
5.60%
发文量
57
审稿时长
18 weeks
期刊介绍: Conflict and Health is a highly-accessed, open access journal providing a global platform to disseminate insightful and impactful studies documenting the public health impacts and responses related to armed conflict, humanitarian crises, and forced migration.
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
确定
请完成安全验证×
copy
已复制链接
快去分享给好友吧!
我知道了
右上角分享
点击右上角分享
0
联系我们:info@booksci.cn Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。 Copyright © 2023 布克学术 All rights reserved.
京ICP备2023020795号-1
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术官方微信