Water provision benefits from karst ecosystems: An example for Watuputih groundwater basin, North Kendeng Mountain, Indonesia

IF 5.4 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
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Abstract

Karst ecosystems offer a wealth of ecosystem services, but their protection is increasingly challenging due to degradation and land-use conversion, including limestone mining. This study investigates the water provision service derived from karst ecosystems threatened by limestone mining in the Watuputih groundwater basin, Central Java, Indonesia. Water supply was quantified by measuring water discharge rates from major springs around the basin. Water usage was quantified for household consumption, agriculture, and recreation. This study also measured water infiltration rates in mining and non-mining areas to indicate the effects of limestone mining to hydrological processes. This study identified three primary springs around the basin: Sumber Seribu spring, Brubulan spring, and Kalutan spring, with discharge rates of 1080 L per second, 85 L per second, and 0.76 L per second, respectively. A local water company extracts water from Sumber Seribu spring at a rate of 80 L per second to supply approximately 57,600 individuals. The water supply from the three springs can irrigate approximately 1594 ha of rice fields. Water from Sumber Seribu spring also supports recreational activities in Sumber Semen recreation park, attracting an average of 19,173 visitors per year. This study revealed a complete impairment of soil's water infiltration capacity in limestone mining areas. These findings underscore the pressing need to safeguard the Watuputih groundwater basin and to mitigate the detrimental effects of limestone mining on hydrological processes. This involves designating the Watuputih karst ecosystem as a protected area, implementing Payment for Ecosystem Services (PES) programs, and restoring degraded post-mining sites.
岩溶生态系统的供水效益:以印度尼西亚北肯登山 Watuputih 地下水流域为例
岩溶生态系统提供了丰富的生态系统服务,但由于包括石灰石开采在内的环境退化和土地用途转换,保护岩溶生态系统正面临越来越大的挑战。本研究调查了印度尼西亚中爪哇省 Watuputih 地下水盆地受到石灰石开采威胁的岩溶生态系统所提供的供水服务。通过测量盆地周围主要泉水的出水率,对供水进行了量化。对家庭用水、农业用水和娱乐用水进行了量化。这项研究还测量了采矿区和非采矿区的水渗透率,以显示石灰石开采对水文过程的影响。这项研究确定了盆地周围的三个主要泉水:Sumber Seribu 泉、Brubulan 泉和 Kalutan 泉的排水量分别为每秒 1080 升、每秒 85 升和每秒 0.76 升。当地一家自来水公司以每秒 80 升的速度从 Sumber Seribu 泉水中取水,为大约 57 600 人供水。这三个泉眼的水可灌溉约 1594 公顷的稻田。Sumber Seribu 泉水还支持 Sumber Semen 娱乐公园的娱乐活动,每年平均吸引 19,173 名游客。这项研究显示,石灰石开采区的土壤渗水能力完全受损。这些发现突出表明,迫切需要保护瓦图普蒂地下水流域,减轻石灰石开采对水文过程的不利影响。这就需要将瓦图普蒂岩溶生态系统指定为保护区,实施生态系统服务付费(PES)计划,并恢复采矿后退化的场地。
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来源期刊
Environmental and Sustainability Indicators
Environmental and Sustainability Indicators Environmental Science-Environmental Science (miscellaneous)
CiteScore
7.80
自引率
2.30%
发文量
49
审稿时长
57 days
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