Quantifying cellulose content in plastic-cellulose material mixtures

IF 4.9 2区工程技术 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, PAPER & WOOD

Cellulose Pub Date : 2024-10-07 DOI:10.1007/s10570-024-06187-y

Emilia Kauppi, Jukka Niskanen, Eero Hiltunen, Jouni Paltakari

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Abstract

This study investigates the capabilities of various measurement techniques for quantifying the cellulose content in reject material from a carton recycling center, which consists of polyethylene, cellulose, and aluminum, along with impurities. Different measurement techniques, including Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy combined with Attenuated Total Reflectance (FTIR-ATR), cellulose dissolution using cupri-ethylenediamine (CED) from plastic followed by gravimetric analysis, acid hydrolysis combined with chromatography, and Thermal Gravimetric Analysis TGA, are employed in this study. Acid hydrolysis combined with chromatography and TGA shows comparable results when compared to different techniques for analyzing pulper reject. Dissolution with CED showed also comparable results but shows higher variation than TGA or chromatography. FTIR absorbance ratio of 1025/2917 correlates with cellulose content, but it shows high variation and lacks sensitivity below 5% cellulose content in polyethylene. This limitation is attributed to factors such as the limited measurement area (1.8 mm) and the large particle size of the cellulose and LDPE mixtures, possibly caused by inadequate grinding of LDPE. In conclusion, TGA and acid hydrolysis combined with chromatography are the most reliable for quantifying cellulose content in recycling reject, providing more consistent and accurate results than FTIR-ATR or CED dissolution methods.

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量化塑料-纤维素材料混合物中的纤维素含量

本研究调查了各种测量技术在量化纸箱回收中心废料中纤维素含量方面的能力，废料由聚乙烯、纤维素、铝和杂质组成。本研究采用了不同的测量技术，包括傅立叶变换红外光谱结合衰减全反射（FTIR-ATR）、使用铜-乙二胺（CED）从塑料中溶解纤维素然后进行重量分析、酸水解结合色谱法以及热重量分析法（TGA）。与分析碎浆机废料的不同技术相比，酸水解结合色谱法和热重分析法得出的结果具有可比性。用 CED 进行溶解也显示出相似的结果，但比 TGA 或色谱法显示出更大的差异。傅立叶变换红外吸收比 1025/2917 与纤维素含量相关，但在聚乙烯中纤维素含量低于 5%时，变化较大，灵敏度较低。造成这种局限性的因素包括测量面积有限（1.8 毫米）以及纤维素和低密度聚乙烯混合物的粒度较大，这可能是由于低密度聚乙烯研磨不充分造成的。总之，TGA 和酸水解结合色谱法是量化回收废料中纤维素含量的最可靠方法，其结果比傅立叶变换红外-ATR 或 CED 溶解法更加一致和准确。

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来源期刊

Cellulose 工程技术-材料科学：纺织

CiteScore

10.10

自引率

10.50%

发文量

580

审稿时长

3-8 weeks

期刊介绍： Cellulose is an international journal devoted to the dissemination of research and scientific and technological progress in the field of cellulose and related naturally occurring polymers. The journal is concerned with the pure and applied science of cellulose and related materials, and also with the development of relevant new technologies. This includes the chemistry, biochemistry, physics and materials science of cellulose and its sources, including wood and other biomass resources, and their derivatives. Coverage extends to the conversion of these polymers and resources into manufactured goods, such as pulp, paper, textiles, and manufactured as well natural fibers, and to the chemistry of materials used in their processing. Cellulose publishes review articles, research papers, and technical notes.