Extraction strategies for lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose to obtain valuable products from biomass

IF 23.2 2区 材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COMPOSITES
Limin Wang, Guanyan Li, Xiangmeng Chen, Yafeng Yang, Rock Keey Liew, Hala M. Abo-Dief, Su Shiung Lam, Rahma Sellami, Wanxi Peng, Hanyin Li
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Abstract

The increasing dependence on non-renewable fossil fuels has resulted in notable environmental challenges such as air pollution and the greenhouse effect, highlighting the urgency for alternative energy sources. Biomass, particularly agricultural and forestry waste, offers a promising solution as it could be revamped as worthy products including sugars, lipids, and bio-oils, which can then be further processed into fuels such as ethanol and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural. This process has the potential to alleviate environmental pollution and decrease landfill waste. However, the intricate composition of biomass especially the bonding of lignin with other cell wall components presents significant obstacles to efficient conversion. Ongoing scientific endeavors are directed toward refining pretreatment methods to enhance the separation and conversion processes, with the ultimate goal of advancing the economic and environmental feasibility of biomass as a renewable resource. This review discusses significant developments in biomass extraction and conversion techniques notably pyrolysis, which generates bio-oil, non-condensable gases, and biochar with up to 46.9% bio-oil yields. Furthermore, acid–alkali pretreatment has demonstrated effective lignin removal, with studies reporting up to 93.2% lignin purity and 86.6% recovery rates. Salt and ionic liquid pretreatments have shown improved hydrophilic properties and chemical composition of lignin, achieving up to 82% lignin removal. Additionally, the addition of ethylene glycol has facilitated efficient cellulose recovery, achieving 100% yield in certain cases. Enzymatic hydrolysis using advanced enzyme mixtures has significantly reduced costs and increased efficiency, exemplified by a 51.3% oil production rate from sweet sorghum straw. These advancements emphasize the potential of integrated and optimized pretreatment strategies to enhance biomass conversion processes, thereby contributing to more sustainable and economically feasible renewable energy solutions.

Graphical Abstract

从生物质中提取木质素、纤维素和半纤维素以获得有价值产品的策略
对不可再生化石燃料的日益依赖导致了显著的环境挑战,如空气污染和温室效应,突出了替代能源的紧迫性。生物质,特别是农业和林业废弃物,提供了一个前景广阔的解决方案,因为它可以被改造成有价值的产品,包括糖、脂类和生物油,然后可以进一步加工成乙醇和 5-羟甲基糠醛等燃料。这一过程具有减轻环境污染和减少垃圾填埋的潜力。然而,生物质的复杂成分,特别是木质素与其他细胞壁成分的结合,给高效转化带来了巨大障碍。科学界正在努力改进预处理方法,以加强分离和转化过程,最终目标是提高生物质作为可再生资源在经济和环境方面的可行性。本综述讨论了生物质提取和转化技术的重大发展,特别是热解技术,该技术可产生生物油、不凝性气体和生物炭,生物油产量高达 46.9%。此外,酸碱预处理也能有效去除木质素,据研究报告,木质素纯度高达 93.2%,回收率高达 86.6%。盐和离子液体预处理改善了木质素的亲水性和化学成分,木质素去除率高达 82%。此外,乙二醇的加入也促进了纤维素的高效回收,在某些情况下可达到 100% 的回收率。使用先进的酶混合物进行酶水解大大降低了成本,提高了效率,例如甜高粱秸秆的产油率达到 51.3%。这些进展强调了综合优化预处理策略在加强生物质转化过程方面的潜力,从而有助于开发更具可持续性和经济可行性的可再生能源解决方案。图表摘要
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来源期刊
CiteScore
26.00
自引率
21.40%
发文量
185
期刊介绍: Advanced Composites and Hybrid Materials is a leading international journal that promotes interdisciplinary collaboration among materials scientists, engineers, chemists, biologists, and physicists working on composites, including nanocomposites. Our aim is to facilitate rapid scientific communication in this field. The journal publishes high-quality research on various aspects of composite materials, including materials design, surface and interface science/engineering, manufacturing, structure control, property design, device fabrication, and other applications. We also welcome simulation and modeling studies that are relevant to composites. Additionally, papers focusing on the relationship between fillers and the matrix are of particular interest. Our scope includes polymer, metal, and ceramic matrices, with a special emphasis on reviews and meta-analyses related to materials selection. We cover a wide range of topics, including transport properties, strategies for controlling interfaces and composition distribution, bottom-up assembly of nanocomposites, highly porous and high-density composites, electronic structure design, materials synergisms, and thermoelectric materials. Advanced Composites and Hybrid Materials follows a rigorous single-blind peer-review process to ensure the quality and integrity of the published work.
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