Caracterización del cáncer de mama en hombres en el caribe colombiano en el periodo 2015–2023

Abstract

Introduction

Male breast cancer is little studied and represents 1% of the total and there is no screening strategy or specific treatment guidelines. Generally diagnosed at advanced ages and stages. Its management involves breast and/or armpit surgery and/or chemo-radio or hormone therapy.

Objective

To characterize the sociodemographic and clinicopathological aspects of male patients with breast cancer diagnosed in health care providers institutions in the Colombian Caribbean in the period 2015–2023.

Methods

Observational, descriptive, cross-sectional, multicenter study. Absolute frequencies and percentages were used for qualitative variables and medians and ranges for quantitative variables.

Results

23 cases were analyzed, with a median age of 71 years. The most common symptoms were retroareolar breast mass (91.3%) and axillary lymphadenopathy (39.1%). The majority were advanced tumors (43.5% T4, 60.9% with lymph node involvement and 13% with metastasis). Of the 5 cases with a genetic panel, two had a mutation, one in PMS2 and another in SDM4. 52.2% received neoadjuvant treatment, mainly with the AC-T regimen. 78.3% underwent surgery (n = 18), predominantly mastectomy (95%) and lymph node dissection (81%) depending on the area operated on. A total of 60.9% received adjuvant treatment, 85% radiotherapy and 66% chemotherapy. The most common histology was Infiltrating ductal carcinoma (78.3%), grade 2 (73.9%), and luminal molecular subtype (91.3%).

Conclusion

This series is the only one on the Colombian Caribbean coast. The increase in cases since the 1920s is evident, probably due to greater awareness and accessibility. It is recommended to perform a routine genetic panel when diagnosing.