Spatial and temporal variations of dug well water quality in Korba basin, Chhattisgarh, India: Insights into hydrogeological characteristics

IF 4.9 Q2 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Groundwater for Sustainable Development Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI:10.1016/j.gsd.2024.101359

Khageshwar Singh Patel , Piyush Kant Pandey , Sanjay Kumar Sharma , Bharat Lal Sahu , Shobhana Ramteke , Irena Wysocka , Sema Yurdakul , Simge Varol , Pablo Martín-Ramos , Dalchand Jhariya , Mohammad Mahmudur Rahman , Prosun Bhattacharya

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Abstract

Comprehensive assessment of groundwater quality in mining-affected regions is crucial to sustainably manage water resources and protect public health and ecosystems. This study investigated the hydrogeochemical characteristics and water quality of 18 dug wells in the Korba basin, Chhattisgarh, India, an area heavily impacted by coal mining activities. Water samples were collected over three seasons (pre-monsoon, monsoon, and post-monsoon) and analyzed to determine physicochemical parameters, major ions, trace elements, and carbon content. Results revealed very high total dissolved solids concentrations ranging from 315 to 19,738 mg L⁻¹. Nitrate levels surpassed the Bureau of Indian Standard (BIS) limit of 45 mg L⁻¹ in over 50% of samples, reaching a maximum of 200 mg L⁻¹. Fluoride concentrations in all samples exceeded the BIS limit (1.5 mg L⁻¹), ranging from 1.5 to 15.2 mg L⁻¹. The predominant water type was Ca-Mg-HCO₃, primarily influenced by rock-water interactions. Factor analysis indicated that both geogenic and anthropogenic processes influence pollution levels. Pollutant concentrations exhibited seasonal variations, generally peaking during the monsoon period. Temporal analysis from over six years revealed increasing trends for most parameters, indicating deteriorating water quality. Based on Water Quality Index values, all samples were classified as unsuitable for drinking, while assessments of irrigation water quality using various indices indicated that 61.11% of samples were suitable for agricultural use. The findings provide data to inform decision-making and public health protection in this heavily industrialized region and emphasize the urgent need for sustainable water resource management and pollution prevention strategies in the Korba basin to align with UN Sustainable Development Goals 3 (good health and well-being) and 6 (clean water and sanitation).

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印度恰蒂斯加尔邦科尔巴盆地挖井水水质的时空变化：洞察水文地质特征

全面评估受采矿影响地区的地下水质量对于可持续管理水资源、保护公众健康和生态系统至关重要。本研究调查了印度恰蒂斯加尔邦科尔巴盆地 18 口掘井的水文地质化学特征和水质，该地区受到煤矿开采活动的严重影响。在三个季节（季风前、季风和季风后）采集了水样，并对其进行了分析，以确定理化参数、主要离子、微量元素和碳含量。结果显示，总溶解固体浓度非常高，从 315 毫克/升到 19,738 毫克/升不等。超过 50% 的样本中，硝酸盐含量超过了印度标准局（BIS）规定的 45 毫克/升，最高达到 200 毫克/升。所有样本中的氟浓度都超过了印度标准局的限值（1.5 毫克/升），从 1.5 到 15.2 毫克/升不等。水的主要类型是 Ca-Mg-HCO₃，主要受岩石-水相互作用的影响。因子分析表明，地质和人为过程都会影响污染水平。污染物浓度呈现季节性变化，一般在季风时期达到峰值。六年多的时间分析显示，大多数参数呈上升趋势，表明水质正在恶化。根据水质指数值，所有样本都被归类为不适合饮用，而使用各种指数对灌溉水水质进行的评估表明，61.11% 的样本适合农业使用。研究结果为这一工业化程度较高地区的决策和公共健康保护提供了数据信息，并强调了科尔巴盆地迫切需要可持续的水资源管理和污染预防战略，以实现联合国可持续发展目标 3（良好的健康和福祉）和目标 6（清洁水和卫生设施）。

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来源期刊

Groundwater for Sustainable Development Social Sciences-Geography, Planning and Development

CiteScore

11.50

自引率

10.20%

发文量

152

期刊介绍： Groundwater for Sustainable Development is directed to different stakeholders and professionals, including government and non-governmental organizations, international funding agencies, universities, public water institutions, public health and other public/private sector professionals, and other relevant institutions. It is aimed at professionals, academics and students in the fields of disciplines such as: groundwater and its connection to surface hydrology and environment, soil sciences, engineering, ecology, microbiology, atmospheric sciences, analytical chemistry, hydro-engineering, water technology, environmental ethics, economics, public health, policy, as well as social sciences, legal disciplines, or any other area connected with water issues. The objectives of this journal are to facilitate: • The improvement of effective and sustainable management of water resources across the globe. • The improvement of human access to groundwater resources in adequate quantity and good quality. • The meeting of the increasing demand for drinking and irrigation water needed for food security to contribute to a social and economically sound human development. • The creation of a global inter- and multidisciplinary platform and forum to improve our understanding of groundwater resources and to advocate their effective and sustainable management and protection against contamination. • Interdisciplinary information exchange and to stimulate scientific research in the fields of groundwater related sciences and social and health sciences required to achieve the United Nations Millennium Development Goals for sustainable development.