When environment meets culture in the arid margin of the Southern Levant

IF 2.6 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY
A. Nigel Goring-Morris, Anna Belfer-Cohen
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Abstract

Research in the arid margins of the Southern Levant has revealed a series of cultural entities related to and interacting with analogues in the more mesic Mediterranean zone. These terminal Pleistocene (Epipalaeolithic) and early Holocene (Pre-Pottery Neolithic) foraging entities display clearly local traits reflecting restricted networking and adaptations at times when environmental conditions deteriorated, and the connections with contemporaneous cultural entities farther afield weakened, combined with connections with the wider pan-regional cultural entities. By examining the specific example of the short-lived Late Epipalaeolithic Harifian culture we attempt to illustrate the manner in which local social behaviours in the landscapes of the arid margins may have contributed to maximizing and prolonging cultural adaptations there especially during periods of variable, yet generally challenging environmental conditions during the Younger Dryas (YD), with a greater degree of isolation from the 'sown land'. Ultimately, a threshold was reached towards the end of the YD, and the Harifian adaptation ceased to be viable, so they had little choice but to abandon their former territories in the Negev and northern Sinai to more favourable environmental conditions, near and, perhaps, far. Speculatively, having to merge with different groups as conditions there were not improving and 'packing' was tight, may have contributed to the emergence of large-scale 'archaic' villages of the PPNA.
当环境与文化在南黎凡特的干旱边缘相遇
在南黎凡特干旱边缘地区进行的研究揭示了一系列文化实体,它们与中温带地中海地区的类似实体相关并相互影响。这些更新世末期(表层石器时代)和全新世早期(陶器前新石器时代)的觅食实体显示出明显的地方特征,反映出在环境条件恶化、与更远地区的同时代文化实体的联系减弱以及与更广泛的泛区域文化实体的联系减弱的情况下,它们的网络和适应能力受到了限制。通过研究昙花一现的旧石器时代晚期哈里菲亚文化这一具体例子,我们试图说明在干旱边缘地区,当地的社会行为可能有助于最大限度地延长文化适应性,尤其是在小干期(YD)环境条件多变但普遍具有挑战性的时期,与 "播种地 "的隔离程度更高。最终,在 YD 末期达到了一个临界点,哈里菲亚人的适应性不再可行,因此他们别无选择,只能放弃内盖夫和西奈半岛北部以前的领地,到近处或远处环境条件更有利的地方去。据推测,由于那里的条件没有得到改善,"包装 "十分严密,他们不得不与不同的族群合并,这可能促成了 PPNA 大规模 "古老 "村落的出现。
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来源期刊
Journal of Arid Environments
Journal of Arid Environments 环境科学-环境科学
CiteScore
5.70
自引率
3.70%
发文量
144
审稿时长
55 days
期刊介绍: The Journal of Arid Environments is an international journal publishing original scientific and technical research articles on physical, biological and cultural aspects of arid, semi-arid, and desert environments. As a forum of multi-disciplinary and interdisciplinary dialogue it addresses research on all aspects of arid environments and their past, present and future use.
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