Clinical implications of reconsideration of enthesitis/enthesopathy/enthesial erosion, as tendon attachment-localized avulsions and stress fracture equivalents.

Abstract

Recognizing the mechanical origin of enthesitis/enthesopathy and the avulsion-nature of what had previously been considered erosions, it seems inappropriate to attribute it to stresses related to a person's normal activities. Conversely, sudden or unconditioned repetitive stresses appears the more likely culprit. Studies of enthesial reaction have lacked standardization as to findings present among individuals who appear to be healthy. Clinical evaluation by palpation and manipulation may be as effective as application of radiologic techniques. Recognition of the mechanical nature of the disease, including individuals with inflammatory arthritis suggests prescription of mechanical solutions that reduce stresses across the involved enthesis.