Effects of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles on Chick Embryo: Immunomodulatory, Hepatic and Biochemical Alterations.

IF 1.8 3区农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Veterinary Medicine and Science Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI:10.1002/vms3.70105

Md Sadequl Islam, Md Nurul Amin, Mst Deloara Begum

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background: The utilization of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO₂ NPs) has significantly increased across various industries.

Objectives: This study rigorously explored the impact of TiO₂ NPs exposure on chicken embryos, focusing particularly on alterations in the immune system, liver functionality and key biochemical markers.

Methods: The study involved three groups of 30 eggs each, subjected to increasing doses of TiO₂ NPs: Group C (control), Group T1 (150 µg/mL) and Group T2 (300 µg/mL). After 48 h of incubation, the eggs in Groups T1 and T2 each received an injection of 0.3 mL of the TiO₂ NPs solution. In contrast, the eggs in the control group (Group C) were injected with 0.3 mL of saline solution. Histopathological changes were analysed using haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, whereas amniotic fluid's biochemical properties were examined photometrically. The study also assessed the expression of immune genes (AvBD9, IL6 and IL8L2) through quantitative PCR. The evaluations included growth metrics, amniotic fluid biochemistry and histological analysis of the liver, caecal tonsil and bursa of Fabricius.

Results: The results revealed subcutaneous haemorrhage, significant reductions in total body weight and marked changes in biochemical markers, including urea, creatinine, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), in the amniotic fluid of the groups treated with TiO₂ NPs, compared to the control. Histological examinations indicated noticeable alterations in the liver, caecal tonsil and bursa of Fabricius following TiO₂ NP exposure. These alterations were characterized by disruptions in cellular structures and variations in lymphocyte counts. Furthermore, a notable decrease in the expression of immunity genes, namely, AvBD9, IL8L2 and IL6, was observed in the TiO₂ NP-treated groups compared to the control.

Conclusion: The findings underscore the need for risk assessments of TiO₂ NPs exposure due to its impact on development and immunity. Future research should explore its impact on neurodevelopment and degeneration.

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纳米二氧化钛颗粒对雏鸡胚胎的影响：免疫调节、肝脏和生化变化

背景：各行各业对二氧化钛纳米粒子（TiO2 NPs）的使用显著增加：本研究严格探讨了接触二氧化钛纳米粒子对鸡胚胎的影响，尤其关注免疫系统、肝功能和关键生化指标的改变：研究涉及三组鸡胚，每组 30 只，接受的二氧化钛氮氧化物剂量不断增加：C组（对照组）、T1组（150微克/毫升）和T2组（300微克/毫升）。孵化 48 小时后，T1 和 T2 组的蚕卵各注射 0.3 mL 的 TiO2 NPs 溶液。而对照组（C 组）的鸡蛋则注射 0.3 mL 生理盐水。组织病理学变化采用血红素和伊红（H&E）染色法进行分析，而羊水的生化特性则采用光度计法进行检测。研究还通过定量 PCR 评估了免疫基因（AvBD9、IL6 和 IL8L2）的表达。评估包括生长指标、羊水生化指标以及肝脏、盲肠扁桃体和法氏囊的组织学分析：结果表明，与对照组相比，使用二氧化钛氮氧化物处理的各组出现皮下出血，总重量显著减少，尿素、肌酐、碱性磷酸酶（ALP）、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶（AST）和丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）等生化指标发生明显变化。组织学检查显示，接触二氧化钛氮氧化物后，肝脏、盲肠扁桃体和法氏囊发生了明显变化。这些变化的特点是细胞结构的破坏和淋巴细胞数量的变化。此外，与对照组相比，TiO2 NP处理组的免疫基因（即AvBD9、IL8L2和IL6）表达明显减少：结论：研究结果表明，由于二氧化钛氮氧化物对发育和免疫的影响，有必要对接触二氧化钛氮氧化物进行风险评估。未来的研究应探讨其对神经发育和退化的影响。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Veterinary Medicine and Science Veterinary-General Veterinary

CiteScore

3.00

自引率

0.00%

发文量

296

期刊介绍： Veterinary Medicine and Science is the peer-reviewed journal for rapid dissemination of research in all areas of veterinary medicine and science. The journal aims to serve the research community by providing a vehicle for authors wishing to publish interesting and high quality work in both fundamental and clinical veterinary medicine and science. Veterinary Medicine and Science publishes original research articles, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and research methods papers, along with invited editorials and commentaries. Original research papers must report well-conducted research with conclusions supported by the data presented in the paper. We aim to be a truly global forum for high-quality research in veterinary medicine and science, and believe that the best research should be published and made widely accessible as quickly as possible. Veterinary Medicine and Science publishes papers submitted directly to the journal and those referred from a select group of prestigious journals published by Wiley-Blackwell. Veterinary Medicine and Science is a Wiley Open Access journal, one of a new series of peer-reviewed titles publishing quality research with speed and efficiency. For further information visit the Wiley Open Access website.