Assessing Nitrate Leaching During Drought and Extreme Precipitation: Exploring Deep Vadose-Zone Monitoring, Groundwater Observations, and Field Mass Balance

IF 4.6 1区 地球科学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
Iael Raij-Hoffman, Ofer Dahan, Helen E. Dahlke, Thomas Harter, Isaya Kisekka
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

The increasing concern over agricultural practices' impact on groundwater quality necessitates comprehensive studies to evaluate and compare monitoring strategies for nitrate leaching. This work addresses this imperative by examining three methodologies: deep vadose-zone monitoring, shallow groundwater intensive monitoring, and field-level mass balance. The primary objective of the study was to assess nitrate leaching from an intensively cropped processing tomato rotation field using three different methods. Additionally, this study focuses on contrasting conditions between the growing season (characterized by drought in some years) and the winter/rainy season (characterized by extreme precipitation in some years). Results indicate varying degrees of nitrate leaching across methods, with all approaches detecting leaching events during the growing season and off-season precipitation. Despite uncertainties inherent in field-level mass balance estimates, they align reasonably with intensive in-situ monitoring results using the deep Vadose Monitoring System (VMS). Throughout two growing seasons and corresponding fall-winter rainy periods, the VMS effectively tracked seasonal nitrogen leaching below the root zone, correlating with observed groundwater nitrate concentrations increases following extreme precipitation events. Nitrate leaching increased during heavy rainfall in the winter following dry summer periods observed across the deep vadose zone using two VMS systems. This underscores the importance of continuous monitoring and assessment in understanding nitrate dynamics and groundwater contamination risks. In conclusion, this study contributes to knowledge and ongoing research by providing insights into effective monitoring strategies for nitrate leaching into groundwater from intensive cropping systems.
评估干旱和极端降水期间的硝酸盐沥滤:探索深层渗流区监测、地下水观测和实地质量平衡
人们越来越关注农业生产方式对地下水水质的影响,因此有必要开展综合研究,对硝酸盐沥滤监测策略进行评估和比较。本研究通过考察以下三种方法来解决这一迫切问题:深伏层监测、浅层地下水密集监测和田间质量平衡。这项研究的主要目的是采用三种不同的方法,评估密集种植加工番茄轮作田的硝酸盐沥滤情况。此外,这项研究还重点关注生长季节(某些年份以干旱为特征)和冬季/雨季(某些年份以极端降水为特征)之间的条件对比。结果表明,各种方法都存在不同程度的硝酸盐沥滤,所有方法都能检测到生长季和降水淡季的沥滤事件。尽管实地质量平衡估算存在固有的不确定性,但它们与使用深层地下监测系统(VMS)进行的现场密集监测结果相当吻合。在两个生长季节和相应的秋冬雨季,VMS 有效跟踪了根区以下的季节性氮沥滤,与观测到的极端降水事件后地下水硝酸盐浓度的增加相关联。在使用两个 VMS 系统观测到的整个深层地下渗流带夏季干旱期之后,冬季大雨期间硝酸盐沥滤增加。这强调了持续监测和评估对于了解硝酸盐动态和地下水污染风险的重要性。总之,这项研究有助于深入了解集约化种植系统向地下水沥滤硝酸盐的有效监测策略,从而为相关知识和正在进行的研究做出贡献。
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来源期刊
Water Resources Research
Water Resources Research 环境科学-湖沼学
CiteScore
8.80
自引率
13.00%
发文量
599
审稿时长
3.5 months
期刊介绍: Water Resources Research (WRR) is an interdisciplinary journal that focuses on hydrology and water resources. It publishes original research in the natural and social sciences of water. It emphasizes the role of water in the Earth system, including physical, chemical, biological, and ecological processes in water resources research and management, including social, policy, and public health implications. It encompasses observational, experimental, theoretical, analytical, numerical, and data-driven approaches that advance the science of water and its management. Submissions are evaluated for their novelty, accuracy, significance, and broader implications of the findings.
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