Setting Up Methane Mitigation Measures for Indian Rice Fields: Representative Emissions and New Interpretations

IF 5.4 2区 地球科学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
Fida Mohammad Sahil, Mukund Narayanan, Idhayachandhiran Ilampooranan
{"title":"Setting Up Methane Mitigation Measures for Indian Rice Fields: Representative Emissions and New Interpretations","authors":"Fida Mohammad Sahil,&nbsp;Mukund Narayanan,&nbsp;Idhayachandhiran Ilampooranan","doi":"10.1029/2024GB008107","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p>Rice cultivation produces methane (CH<sub>4</sub>) due to anaerobic conditions induced by flood irrigation, significantly contributing to global warming. While most studies use national emission factors (EFs), our study synthesized 726 published measurements across India (the second largest methane emitter after China) to develop district-level water regime-specific EFs for estimating district-scale emissions and warming potential. CH<sub>4</sub> emissions from Indian rice fields increased from 3.7 (3.4–4.1) Tg to 4.8 (4.4–5.3) Tg during 1966–2017, driven by rice area and water-regime variations. Meanwhile, district-level emissions increased by ∼930%, influenced by management practices such as animal manure, fertilizer application, and water input, accurately reflecting regional variations compared to previous estimates. Employing a novel muti-output random forest mitigation model (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup> ∼ 0.9), we found that a 25% warming reduction at the district-level requires curtailing animal manure, nitrogen fertilizer, and water input by 8.5%, 12.9%, and 10.9%, respectively. These curtailments nearly double for a 50% mitigation scenario. Comparing our emissions with previous bottom-up studies (used as inputs in global climate models) revealed discrepancies in prior national figures. With top-down estimates, our emissions correlated positively, suggesting higher reliability. Including our new regionally validated data in global climate models may provide more accurate climate projections at the Indian and global scales.</p>","PeriodicalId":12729,"journal":{"name":"Global Biogeochemical Cycles","volume":"38 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4000,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Global Biogeochemical Cycles","FirstCategoryId":"89","ListUrlMain":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2024GB008107","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0

Abstract

Rice cultivation produces methane (CH4) due to anaerobic conditions induced by flood irrigation, significantly contributing to global warming. While most studies use national emission factors (EFs), our study synthesized 726 published measurements across India (the second largest methane emitter after China) to develop district-level water regime-specific EFs for estimating district-scale emissions and warming potential. CH4 emissions from Indian rice fields increased from 3.7 (3.4–4.1) Tg to 4.8 (4.4–5.3) Tg during 1966–2017, driven by rice area and water-regime variations. Meanwhile, district-level emissions increased by ∼930%, influenced by management practices such as animal manure, fertilizer application, and water input, accurately reflecting regional variations compared to previous estimates. Employing a novel muti-output random forest mitigation model (R2 ∼ 0.9), we found that a 25% warming reduction at the district-level requires curtailing animal manure, nitrogen fertilizer, and water input by 8.5%, 12.9%, and 10.9%, respectively. These curtailments nearly double for a 50% mitigation scenario. Comparing our emissions with previous bottom-up studies (used as inputs in global climate models) revealed discrepancies in prior national figures. With top-down estimates, our emissions correlated positively, suggesting higher reliability. Including our new regionally validated data in global climate models may provide more accurate climate projections at the Indian and global scales.

为印度稻田制定甲烷减排措施:代表性排放和新解释
由于洪水灌溉引起的厌氧条件,水稻种植会产生甲烷 (CH4),严重加剧全球变暖。虽然大多数研究使用的是国家排放因子(EFs),但我们的研究综合了印度(仅次于中国的第二大甲烷排放国)已发表的 726 项测量结果,制定了地区级水体特定排放因子,用于估算地区级排放量和变暖潜力。1966-2017 年间,受水稻面积和水系变化的影响,印度稻田的甲烷排放量从 3.7(3.4-4.1)兆吨增至 4.8(4.4-5.3)兆吨。同时,受畜禽粪便、化肥施用和水投入等管理措施的影响,地区级排放量增加了 930%,与之前的估计相比,准确地反映了地区差异。通过采用一种新型多输出随机森林减排模型(R2 ∼ 0.9),我们发现,要在地区层面减少 25% 的升温,需要将畜禽粪便、氮肥和水的投入量分别减少 8.5%、12.9% 和 10.9%。在减排 50% 的情况下,这些削减量几乎翻了一番。将我们的排放量与之前自下而上的研究(作为全球气候模型的输入)进行比较,发现之前的国家数据存在差异。与自上而下的估计相比,我们的排放量呈正相关,表明可靠性更高。将我们经过地区验证的新数据纳入全球气候模型,可以在印度和全球范围内提供更准确的气候预测。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
求助全文
约1分钟内获得全文 求助全文
来源期刊
Global Biogeochemical Cycles
Global Biogeochemical Cycles 环境科学-地球科学综合
CiteScore
8.90
自引率
7.70%
发文量
141
审稿时长
8-16 weeks
期刊介绍: Global Biogeochemical Cycles (GBC) features research on regional to global biogeochemical interactions, as well as more local studies that demonstrate fundamental implications for biogeochemical processing at regional or global scales. Published papers draw on a wide array of methods and knowledge and extend in time from the deep geologic past to recent historical and potential future interactions. This broad scope includes studies that elucidate human activities as interactive components of biogeochemical cycles and physical Earth Systems including climate. Authors are required to make their work accessible to a broad interdisciplinary range of scientists.
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
确定
请完成安全验证×
copy
已复制链接
快去分享给好友吧!
我知道了
右上角分享
点击右上角分享
0
联系我们:info@booksci.cn Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。 Copyright © 2023 布克学术 All rights reserved.
京ICP备2023020795号-1
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术官方微信