Does Attitudinal Inoculation Confer Resistance to Violent Extremist Propaganda? Assessing Mechanisms, Long-Term Effects, and the Advantage of Visuals

IF 2.7 3区 心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL
Sandy Schumann, Michael Barton
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Abstract

Previous research suggests that attitudinal inoculation can confer resistance to violent extremist propaganda. The present study aimed to strengthen and extend this rather scant evidence base. First, we conceptually replicated Braddock (2022) and investigated whether attitudinal inoculation reduces intentions to support a violent extremist group (VEG) by eliciting higher levels of anger and counter-arguing. Advancing the literature, we examined as well if the effect of attitudinal inoculation on violent extremist behavioural intentions lasted for up to 1 week and if message-relevant emotionally evocative visuals enhanced the influence of inoculation stimuli. We conducted a multi-phase longitudinal online experiment with two waves (Nwave1 = 498; Nwave2 = 399). Participants read the inoculation treatment (or control message) and were then exposed to the propaganda of a fictional VEG. Outcomes were measured immediately and again after 1 week. Partially supporting Braddock (2022), inoculated participants who were less strongly ideologically aligned with the VEG reported (compared to the control condition) lower violent extremist behavioural intentions. Inoculation had no impact on the behavioural tendencies of individuals who were strongly ideologically aligned with the VEG. Crucially, contesting Braddock (2022), inoculated participants felt less (not more) anger towards the violent extremist group. After 1 week, no direct effect of attitudinal inoculation on violent extremist behavioural intentions but an indirect effect mediated by counter-arguing was confirmed. The modality of the inoculation stimulus did not moderate its influence. In summary, attitudinal inoculation conferred resistance to violent extremist propaganda for a short period and for individuals who are perhaps less at risk of being persuaded by VEGs. Further research is needed to replicate the exploratory findings and to investigate the role of anger as well as means to boost the long-term influence of attitudinal inoculation treatments. Please refer to the Supplementary Material section to find this article's Community and Social Impact Statement.

Abstract Image

态度接种是否能抵制暴力极端主义宣传?评估机制、长期效果和视觉优势
以往的研究表明,态度接种可以使人抵制暴力极端主义宣传。本研究旨在加强和扩展这一稀缺的证据基础。首先,我们在概念上复制了 Braddock(2022 年)的研究,并调查了态度接种是否会通过激发更高水平的愤怒和反驳来降低支持暴力极端主义团体(VEG)的意愿。在文献的基础上,我们还研究了态度接种对暴力极端主义行为意向的影响是否会持续一周,以及与信息相关的情感唤起视觉效果是否会增强接种刺激的影响。我们进行了一项多阶段纵向在线实验,共有两波(Nwave1 = 498;Nwave2 = 399)。参与者阅读接种处理(或对照信息),然后接触虚构的 VEG 宣传。结果立即进行测量,并在一周后再次测量。与 Braddock(2022 年)的研究结果部分吻合的是,与 VEG 的意识形态一致性较低的接种参与者(与对照组相比)报告的暴力极端主义行为意向较低。接种对意识形态上与 VEG 高度一致的人的行为倾向没有影响。最重要的是,与 Braddock(2022 年)不同的是,接种参与者对暴力极端主义团体的愤怒感降低了(而不是增加了)。一周后,态度接种对暴力极端主义行为意向没有直接影响,但反驳的间接影响得到了证实。接种刺激的方式对其影响没有调节作用。总之,态度接种能在短期内增强人们对暴力极端主义宣传的抵抗力,而这些人被暴力极端主义宣传说服的风险可能较低。还需要进一步的研究来复制这些探索性发现,并调查愤怒的作用以及增强态度接种疗法长期影响的方法。请参阅 "补充材料 "部分,查看本文的 "社区和社会影响声明"。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
4.70
自引率
7.40%
发文量
69
期刊介绍: The Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology publishes papers regarding social behaviour in relation to community problems and strengths. The journal is international in scope, reflecting the common concerns of scholars and community practitioners in Europe and worldwide.
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