{"title":"Far-red active squaraine dye-sensitized photoanode for dye-sensitized solar cells with a copper (II/I) electrolyte","authors":"Indrajeet S. Nawghare , Shivdeep Suresh Deshmukh , Krati Joshi , Sailaja Krishnamurty , Kothandam Krishnamoorthy , Jayaraj Nithyanandhan","doi":"10.1016/j.jphotochem.2024.116086","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC), controlling the dye-aggregation on TiO<sub>2</sub> and charge recombination between electrons present in TiO<sub>2</sub> and electrolyte can be achieved by wrapping the long alkyl groups around the dye structure and further introducing bulky donor on the dye is a potential approach to enhance both the open-circuit potential and short-circuit current parameters. Additionally, bulky donor containing dye structures modulates the photophysical and electrochemical properties of the sensitizer which helps reducing the over potentials required for the dye regeneration process by utilizing a multidentate ligand containing [Cu(tme)]<sup>2+/+</sup> and I<sup>−</sup>/I<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> redox electrolytes. Hagfeldt donor appended far-red NIR active unsymmetrical squaraine dye (<strong>SQ-HF</strong>) has been designed, synthesized, and characterized. <strong>SQ-HF</strong> dye showed an intense absorption at 676 nm (ε 1.7 × 10<sup>5</sup> M<sup>−1</sup>cm<sup>−1</sup>). Photophysical and electrochemical studies indicated that the LUMO and HOMO energy levels of the <strong>SQ-HF</strong> dye were suited for charge injection (from the LUMO of the dye to the conduction band of TiO<sub>2</sub>) and dye-regeneration processes, respectively. The DSSC device efficiency of 5.15 % (<em>J</em><sub>SC</sub> of 10.83 mA/cm<sup>2</sup> and <em>V</em><sub>OC</sub> of 0.690 V) has been achieved for <strong>SQ-HF</strong> dye by utilizing a literature reported [Cu(tme)]<sup>2+/+</sup> and 4.11 % (<em>J</em><sub>SC</sub> of 8.74 mA/cm<sup>2</sup> and <em>V</em><sub>OC</sub> of 0.702 V) in I<sup>−</sup>/I<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> redox shuttles, respectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16782,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A-chemistry","volume":"459 ","pages":"Article 116086"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1000,"publicationDate":"2024-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A-chemistry","FirstCategoryId":"92","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1010603024006300","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
In dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC), controlling the dye-aggregation on TiO2 and charge recombination between electrons present in TiO2 and electrolyte can be achieved by wrapping the long alkyl groups around the dye structure and further introducing bulky donor on the dye is a potential approach to enhance both the open-circuit potential and short-circuit current parameters. Additionally, bulky donor containing dye structures modulates the photophysical and electrochemical properties of the sensitizer which helps reducing the over potentials required for the dye regeneration process by utilizing a multidentate ligand containing [Cu(tme)]2+/+ and I−/I3− redox electrolytes. Hagfeldt donor appended far-red NIR active unsymmetrical squaraine dye (SQ-HF) has been designed, synthesized, and characterized. SQ-HF dye showed an intense absorption at 676 nm (ε 1.7 × 105 M−1cm−1). Photophysical and electrochemical studies indicated that the LUMO and HOMO energy levels of the SQ-HF dye were suited for charge injection (from the LUMO of the dye to the conduction band of TiO2) and dye-regeneration processes, respectively. The DSSC device efficiency of 5.15 % (JSC of 10.83 mA/cm2 and VOC of 0.690 V) has been achieved for SQ-HF dye by utilizing a literature reported [Cu(tme)]2+/+ and 4.11 % (JSC of 8.74 mA/cm2 and VOC of 0.702 V) in I−/I3− redox shuttles, respectively.
期刊介绍:
JPPA publishes the results of fundamental studies on all aspects of chemical phenomena induced by interactions between light and molecules/matter of all kinds.
All systems capable of being described at the molecular or integrated multimolecular level are appropriate for the journal. This includes all molecular chemical species as well as biomolecular, supramolecular, polymer and other macromolecular systems, as well as solid state photochemistry. In addition, the journal publishes studies of semiconductor and other photoactive organic and inorganic materials, photocatalysis (organic, inorganic, supramolecular and superconductor).
The scope includes condensed and gas phase photochemistry, as well as synchrotron radiation chemistry. A broad range of processes and techniques in photochemistry are covered such as light induced energy, electron and proton transfer; nonlinear photochemical behavior; mechanistic investigation of photochemical reactions and identification of the products of photochemical reactions; quantum yield determinations and measurements of rate constants for primary and secondary photochemical processes; steady-state and time-resolved emission, ultrafast spectroscopic methods, single molecule spectroscopy, time resolved X-ray diffraction, luminescence microscopy, and scattering spectroscopy applied to photochemistry. Papers in emerging and applied areas such as luminescent sensors, electroluminescence, solar energy conversion, atmospheric photochemistry, environmental remediation, and related photocatalytic chemistry are also welcome.