Assessment of shift in GWPZs in Kashmir Valley of Northwestern Himalayas

IF 5.4 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
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Abstract

Groundwater is a critical resource for the Kashmir Valley, which is increasingly pressured by urbanization and climate change. This study aims to delineate Groundwater Potential Zones (GWPZs) in the Kashmir Valley using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Geographical Information Systems (GIS). The research integrates eight thematic layers, including geology, geomorphology, slope, drainage density, land use/land cover (LULC), lineament density, rainfall, and topographic wetness index (TWI), to assess GWPZs for 1995, 2010, and 2020. Weights for each layer were assigned based on their influence on groundwater dynamics. The generated GWPZs were classified into five classes: very high, high, moderate, low, and very low. Over 25 years, significant changes in GWPZs were observed: very low potential zones decreased by 45.17%, low potential zones by 26.17%, and very high potential zones by 72.95%. Conversely, moderate potential zones increased by 50.87%, and high potential zones saw a slight increase of 9.00%. Results indicated that high and very high GWPZs are predominantly located in the valley's alluvial plains, primarily covered by agricultural and partially horticultural land. Validation of the generated GWPZs using bore well locations, discharge data, and Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves demonstrated high accuracy, with Area Under the Curve (AUC) values of 0.915, 0.898, and 0.890 for the respective years. These findings underscore the adverse impact of urbanization on groundwater potential zonation and emphasize the need for sustainable water management practices. This study provides valuable insights into the long-term shifts in groundwater potential in response to urban expansion and climate change. It highlights the importance of continuous monitoring and adaptive management to safeguard groundwater resources.

Abstract Image

喜马拉雅山西北部克什米尔山谷全球升温潜能值变化评估
地下水是克什米尔山谷的重要资源,而城市化和气候变化对该地区的压力与日俱增。本研究旨在利用层次分析法(AHP)和地理信息系统(GIS)划定克什米尔山谷的地下水潜力区(GWPZ)。研究整合了八个专题图层,包括地质、地貌、坡度、排水密度、土地利用/土地覆盖(LULC)、线状密度、降雨量和地形湿润指数(TWI),以评估 1995 年、2010 年和 2020 年的地下水潜势区。每一层的权重都是根据其对地下水动态的影响来分配的。生成的 GWPZ 被分为五个等级:极高、高、中等、低和极低。25 年间,观察到全球水文潜势区发生了显著变化:极低潜势区减少了 45.17%,低潜势区减少了 26.17%,极高潜势区减少了 72.95%。相反,中等潜力区增加了 50.87%,高潜力区略微增加了 9.00%。结果表明,高和极高全球水文潜势区主要位于河谷冲积平原,主要被农田和部分园艺用地覆盖。利用钻井位置、排水数据和接收者工作特征曲线(ROC)对生成的 GWPZ 进行验证,结果表明精度很高,各年份的曲线下面积(AUC)值分别为 0.915、0.898 和 0.890。这些发现强调了城市化对地下水潜势分区的不利影响,并强调了可持续水资源管理实践的必要性。这项研究为了解城市扩张和气候变化对地下水潜势的长期影响提供了宝贵的见解。它强调了持续监测和适应性管理对保护地下水资源的重要性。
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来源期刊
Environmental and Sustainability Indicators
Environmental and Sustainability Indicators Environmental Science-Environmental Science (miscellaneous)
CiteScore
7.80
自引率
2.30%
发文量
49
审稿时长
57 days
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