Conversion of kraft lignin to hydrocarbons using an integrated molten salt pyrolysis/catalytic hydrotreatment approach

IF 5.8 2区 化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL
Balaji Sridharan , Ilse Oude Nijeweme , Erwin Wilbers , Gerco Gerritsen , Josef G.M. Winkelman , Robbie H. Venderbosch , Hero J. Heeres
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Abstract

Thermochemical conversion of underutilized lignocellulosic streams such as kraft lignin from the pulp and paper industry has the potential to produce sustainable chemicals and biofuels. We here report a process to continuously convert softwood-based lignoboost lignin to hydrocarbons using a three-step approach: i) liquefaction/dispersion of the lignin in a suitable molten salt, ii) pyrolysis of the liquefied/dispersed lignin in a molten salt mixture (ZnCl2, KCl, and NaCl), to obtain a crude lignin oil and iii) upgrading of the lignin oil using a catalytic hydrotreatment to yield hydrocarbons. Step 1 and 2 were integrated using a twin screw extruder with different heating sections at a scale of 20 g/h lignin input. Besides char, a lignin oil, mainly composed of monomeric phenolics, and propylene were the major products. The highest yield of the latter two products was around 32 wt% (23 wt% crude lignin oil and 9 wt% propylene). The lignin oil was subsequently converted to hydrocarbons using a two-step catalytic hydrotreatment approach (stabilization step using CoMo/Al2O3 catalyst and a further deep hydrotreatment over a NiMo/Al2O3 catalyst). The final liquid product contained less than 0.5 wt% of oxygen and was shown to be rich in (cyclo)alkanes and aromatic hydrocarbons. The carbon yield for the overall conversion of lignin to hydrocarbons was 23 %.
利用熔盐热解/催化加氢处理综合方法将牛皮纸木质素转化为碳氢化合物
对未充分利用的木质纤维素流(如来自纸浆和造纸工业的牛皮纸木质素)进行热化学转化,具有生产可持续化学品和生物燃料的潜力。我们在此报告一种采用三步法将软木基木质素连续转化为碳氢化合物的工艺:i) 将木质素液化/分散在合适的熔盐中;ii) 将液化/分散的木质素热解在熔盐混合物(ZnCl2、KCl 和 NaCl)中,以获得粗木质素油;iii) 使用催化加氢处理对木质素油进行升级,以获得碳氢化合物。第 1 步和第 2 步采用双螺杆挤压机进行,挤压机有不同的加热段,木质素输入量为 20 克/小时。除了木炭,主要由单体酚组成的木质素油和丙烯也是主要产品。后两种产品的最高产量约为 32 wt%(粗木质素油 23 wt%,丙烯 9 wt%)。木质素油随后采用两步催化加氢处理法(使用 CoMo/Al2O3 催化剂进行稳定化处理,然后在 NiMo/Al2O3 催化剂上进行深度加氢处理)转化为碳氢化合物。最终液体产品的含氧量低于 0.5 wt%,并富含(环)烷烃和芳香烃。木质素到碳氢化合物的整体转化率为 23%。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
9.10
自引率
11.70%
发文量
340
审稿时长
44 days
期刊介绍: The Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis (JAAP) is devoted to the publication of papers dealing with innovative applications of pyrolysis processes, the characterization of products related to pyrolysis reactions, and investigations of reaction mechanism. To be considered by JAAP, a manuscript should present significant progress in these topics. The novelty must be satisfactorily argued in the cover letter. A manuscript with a cover letter to the editor not addressing the novelty is likely to be rejected without review.
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