Natural restoration after clear-cutting can increase the energy flux of soil nematode food web in temperate forests

IF 4.8 2区农林科学 Q1 SOIL SCIENCE

Applied Soil Ecology Pub Date : 2024-10-21 DOI:10.1016/j.apsoil.2024.105699

Yuan Wang , Qinggui Wang , Binbin Huang , Yajuan Xing , Guoyong Yan , Guancheng Liu , Yun Zhang

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Abstract

Forest restoration is expanding globally, which involves dramatic changes in energy fluxes through soil ecosystem food webs. Soil nematodes are the most abundant animals and occupy multiple trophic positions, providing an excellent method to study energy transfer processes in soil micro-food webs. However, the driving mechanisms underlying the evolution of soil nematode energy flux during natural forest restoration remain poorly understood. Here, we selected an undisturbed native forest and four natural secondary forests (20, 32, 47, and 61 years) at different recovery stages as study sites to assess the effects of forest restoration on soil nematode community structure and energy flux. Results showed that forest restoration increased the abundance and diversity of nematode communities, but different trophic groups exhibited varying responses to forest restoration. The improvement of resources and abiotic environment was a key factor in increasing nematode abundance and diversity. The increase in root biomass and microbial biomass promoted the abundance of herbivores and microbivores, further leading to an increase in the number and diversity of omnivores-predators. The total energy flux of nematode community increased with forest restoration. Compared to 20 years, the total energy flux increased by 4.12 %, 132.56 %, and 176.68 % in 32, 47, and 61 years, respectively. However, they were all significantly lower than in the primary forest stage. Multiple regression analysis showed that soil properties, microbial characteristics, and root biomass contributed most to omnivores-predators and total energy flux. The random forest analysis showed that omnivores-predators, herbivores, and root biomass were the most important biotic factors in predicting soil nematode energy flux, together explained 32.8 % of the total energy flux variation. Meanwhile, soil organic carbon (SOC) and mean weight diameter (MWD) were identified as the most important abiotic factors for predicting nematode energy flux, together explained 10.1 % of the total energy flux variation. Microbial resources (microbial biomass) mainly indirectly regulate total energy flux by affecting the microbivores. These results provide direct evidence that, as forest restoration progresses, improved nutrient availability (e.g., SOC) and soil physical conditions (e.g., MWD), along with strengthened trophic interactions within the nematode community (e.g., predator-prey dynamics), collectively drive the overall energy flux within the nematode assemblage.

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砍伐后的自然恢复可增加温带森林土壤线虫食物网的能量通量

森林恢复在全球范围内不断扩大，这涉及土壤生态系统食物网中能量通量的巨大变化。土壤线虫是数量最多的动物，占据多个营养级位置，为研究土壤微食物网的能量传递过程提供了极好的方法。然而，人们对自然森林恢复过程中土壤线虫能量通量演变的驱动机制仍然知之甚少。在此，我们选择了一片未受干扰的原生林和四片处于不同恢复阶段的天然次生林（20 年、32 年、47 年和 61 年）作为研究地点，评估森林恢复对土壤线虫群落结构和能量通量的影响。结果表明，森林恢复提高了线虫群落的丰度和多样性，但不同营养群对森林恢复的反应各不相同。资源和非生物环境的改善是线虫丰度和多样性增加的关键因素。根系生物量和微生物生物量的增加促进了食草动物和微食草动物数量的增加，进一步导致杂食性食肉动物数量和多样性的增加。线虫群落的总能量通量随着森林恢复而增加。与 20 年相比，32 年、47 年和 61 年的总能量通量分别增加了 4.12 %、132.56 % 和 176.68 %。但是，它们都明显低于原始森林阶段。多元回归分析表明，土壤特性、微生物特征和根系生物量对杂食动物-食肉动物和总能量通量的影响最大。随机森林分析表明，杂食-食肉动物、食草动物和根系生物量是预测土壤线虫能量通量最重要的生物因素，三者共解释了总能量通量变化的 32.8%。同时，土壤有机碳（SOC）和平均重量直径（MWD）被认为是预测线虫能量通量最重要的非生物因素，共解释了总能量通量变化的 10.1%。微生物资源（微生物生物量）主要通过影响微食动物来间接调节总能量通量。这些结果直接证明，随着森林恢复的进展，养分供应（如 SOC）和土壤物理条件（如 MWD）的改善，以及线虫群落内营养相互作用（如捕食-被捕食动态）的加强，共同推动了线虫群落内的总能量通量。

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来源期刊

Applied Soil Ecology 农林科学-土壤科学

CiteScore

9.70

自引率

4.20%

发文量

363

审稿时长

5.3 months

期刊介绍： Applied Soil Ecology addresses the role of soil organisms and their interactions in relation to: sustainability and productivity, nutrient cycling and other soil processes, the maintenance of soil functions, the impact of human activities on soil ecosystems and bio(techno)logical control of soil-inhabiting pests, diseases and weeds.