Identification of a senior officer from Sir John Franklin’s Northwest Passage expedition

Abstract

Arctic Canada’s King William Island and Adelaide Peninsula have preserved the unidentified skeletal remains of many of the 105 sailors who perished while trying to escape the Arctic at the end of the 1845–1848 Franklin Northwest Passage expedition. Over the past decade, we have attempted to identify those individuals through DNA analysis using samples obtained from living descendants. Here we report on comparison of Y-chromosome profiles from a tooth recovered from King William Island and a buccal sample from a donor descended from one of the expedition’s senior officers. The results reveal a genetic distance of one, suggesting that they share a common paternal ancestor. We conclude that DNA and genealogical evidence confirm the identity of the remains as those of Captain James Fitzjames, HMS Erebus.