Aluminium bioavailability and toxicity disrupted chloroplast structure and inhibited inorganic carbon utilization and nutrient uptake in Vallisneria natans at acidic and alkaline pH

IF 4.5 2区 生物学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
Shahbaz Khan , Runan Li , Ruxue Pan , Chuanling Zhang , Yanfei Lv , Hua Tang , Jiaquan Huang , Liyan Yin
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Vallisneria natans, as submerged aquatic plants, face significant threats from aluminium (Al) toxicity. While the effects of Al at low pH on terrestrial plants have been extensively studied, there is a lack of research on the impacts of both low and high pH on chloroplast ultrastructure and nutrient uptake in submerged plants. This research is important as it aims to fill this gap by exposing the leaves of Vallisneria natans to 100 μM Al at varying pH levels (4.5, 5.5, 7.5, and 9.5) for 48 hours. The results showed that inorganic carbon (CT), CO2, and HCO3 content increased at extreme pH levels (4.5 and 9.5), suggesting decreased inorganic carbon utilization under Al stress. Additionally, photosystem II efficiency and electron transport rate were significantly reduced at extreme pH levels, highlighting the sensitivity of V. natans to Al. Chlorophyll a and total chlorophyll content were significantly lower at pH 4.5 compared to pH 7.5. Chloroplast structural disruptions were evident at extreme pH levels coupled with Al exposure, whereas minimal injury was observed at pH 5.5 and 7.5. The study also noted vacuole enlargement, altered plasma membrane permeability, and hematoxylin staining, indicating Al accumulation in leaves. ICP analysis revealed increased Al content at extreme pH levels, underscoring heightened Al bioavailability and toxicity. Significant reductions in macro and micronutrient content (P, Mg, K, Fe, Zn, B, Mn) were observed, likely due to Al-induced root and cell damage and altered nutrient uptake. These findings emphasize the complex interplay between Al exposure, pH fluctuations, and their cascading effects on the physiology and elemental composition of Vallisneria natans, highlighting the need for further research and environmental management strategies.
铝的生物利用率和毒性破坏了酸性和碱性 pH 值下裸冠菊的叶绿体结构,抑制了无机碳的利用和养分的吸收
水生植物 Vallisneria natans 面临着铝(Al)毒性的巨大威胁。虽然低 pH 值的铝对陆生植物的影响已被广泛研究,但有关低 pH 值和高 pH 值对沉水植物叶绿体超微结构和养分吸收的影响的研究却很缺乏。这项研究旨在填补这一空白,它在不同的 pH 值(4.5、5.5、7.5 和 9.5)条件下将裸冠菊叶片暴露在 100 μM Al 中 48 小时。结果表明,在极端 pH 水平(4.5 和 9.5)下,无机碳(CT)、CO2 和 HCO3 含量增加,表明在 Al 胁迫下无机碳利用率降低。此外,在极端 pH 值下,光系统 II 的效率和电子传输速率显著降低,这突出表明了裸冠菊对 Al 的敏感性。叶绿素 a 和总叶绿素含量在 pH 值为 4.5 时明显低于 pH 值为 7.5 时。在极端 pH 值和 Al 暴露条件下,叶绿体结构明显受到破坏,而在 pH 值为 5.5 和 7.5 时,受到的伤害最小。研究还注意到液泡增大、质膜通透性改变和苏木精染色,表明铝在叶片中积累。ICP 分析显示,在极端的 pH 值水平下,铝的含量会增加,这说明铝的生物利用率和毒性都有所提高。观察到大量和微量营养元素(磷、镁、钾、铁、锌、硼、锰)含量显著减少,这可能是由于铝引起的根系和细胞损伤以及养分吸收的改变。这些发现强调了铝暴露、pH 值波动及其对裸冠菊生理和元素组成的连锁效应之间复杂的相互作用,突出了进一步研究和环境管理策略的必要性。
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来源期刊
Environmental and Experimental Botany
Environmental and Experimental Botany 环境科学-环境科学
CiteScore
9.30
自引率
5.30%
发文量
342
审稿时长
26 days
期刊介绍: Environmental and Experimental Botany (EEB) publishes research papers on the physical, chemical, biological, molecular mechanisms and processes involved in the responses of plants to their environment. In addition to research papers, the journal includes review articles. Submission is in agreement with the Editors-in-Chief. The Journal also publishes special issues which are built by invited guest editors and are related to the main themes of EEB. The areas covered by the Journal include: (1) Responses of plants to heavy metals and pollutants (2) Plant/water interactions (salinity, drought, flooding) (3) Responses of plants to radiations ranging from UV-B to infrared (4) Plant/atmosphere relations (ozone, CO2 , temperature) (5) Global change impacts on plant ecophysiology (6) Biotic interactions involving environmental factors.
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