A review on the influence of particle packing theory and materials on characteristics of ECC

Abstract

Engineered Cementitious Composites (ECC) play a vital role in the construction industry due to their high strain-hardening capability, superior strength, and durability. The micromechanics of ECC, particularly the closely packed particle arrangement within the matrix, which is minimize the porosity and enhances performance, This paper reviews a comprehensive analysis of performance-based fibre-reinforced ECC, which substitutes conventional concrete in structural applications. The homogeneity of the ECC was achieved through not only cement but also the major role played by fine materials such as fly ash, silica fume, GGBS, etc., namely supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs), which enhance the packing density and reduce the pore structure of the ECC. The results obtained from existing studies show that the inclusion of the SCMs combinations and fibres with ECC enhances the mechanical properties. The superior performance of ECC was achieved through the proper optimized mix proportion by the Particle Packing Model (PPM). Based on previous studies, the fundamental principles of PPM can be effectively utilized to achieve the proper mix proportions of ECC. Additionally, it discusses how the water-to-cement (W/C) ratio and type of fiber influence ECC's fresh and mechanical behaviour. The conclusions recommend selecting specific combinations of SCMs and fibers to achieve better mechanical properties and strain hardening in ECC.