Bimetallic FeCo metal–organic framework based cascade reaction system: Enhanced peroxidase activity for antibacterial performance

Abstract

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), as a peroxidase (POD), can catalyze the conversion of H₂O₂ to reactive oxygen species (ROS) for antibacterial application. To achieve strong antibacterial activity, it is necessary to improve the enzyme-like activity of MOFs. In this study, Fe_xCoMOF was synthesized by incorporating Co(II) to improve the electron transfer of Fe(III)/Fe(II), which enhanced its redox capacity as a nanozyme and further promoted the generation of hydroxyl radical (⋅OH), exhibiting higher POD activity. Doping with different amounts of Co(II) altered the particle size, specific surface area, and surface defects of Fe_xCoMOF, thus exhibiting differential enzyme-like activities. Additionally, a glucose-responsive enzyme cascade reaction system based on Fe₄CoMOF/glucose oxidase (GOx) was established. In the presence of glucose, the in situ-generated substrate H₂O₂ was in contact with the catalytic site and the generated gluconic acid enabled Fe₄CoMOF to maintain maximum enzyme activity under physiological pH conditions, avoiding damage caused by the use of exogenous high concentrations of H₂O₂. In the in vitro antibacterial experiment, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of Fe₄CoMOF/GOx was 10 μg mL⁻¹ for Escherichia coli (E. coli) and 5 μg mL⁻¹ for Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) (∼10⁸ CFU mL⁻¹). The increase in enzyme activity resulted in a considerable reduction in the dose of the antibacterial agent, which was conducive to improving bio-safety. The in vivo experiment in mice demonstrated that the glucose-responsive Fe₄CoMOF-based cascade reaction system had excellent antibacterial properties and remarkably promoted wound healing. The antibacterial agent based on bimetallic MOF developed in this work provides a new idea for cascade catalytic antibacterial therapy and will have remarkable application prospects in biomaterials and nanomedicine.