{"title":"Electrocardiogram assessment in long-eared hedgehogs (Hemiechinus auritus) following administration of anesthetics","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.vas.2024.100400","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Anesthesia in animals is a crucial requirement for conducting surgery, diagnostic imaging, and other procedures when the animal cannot be safely managed in a conscious state. The present study aimed to compare the impact of different anesthetic techniques on the electrocardiogram of hedgehogs. The animals were given three different anesthetic combinations: ketamine + xylazine, ketamine + diazepam, and ketamine + midazolam. The study measured the heart rate, duration, and amplitude of the P wave, QRS complex, and T wave through bipolar II derivations. Normal sinus rhythm was observed following induction by all anaesthetic combinations; however, the combination of ketamine and xylazine resulted in a significant decrease in heart rate. The P wave was positive with different combinations of anesthetics. The mean amplitude of the P wave in hedgehogs anesthetized using ketamine+xylazine was significantly lower than when using ketamine+diazepam and ketamine+midazolam. The QRS polarity was positive in leads I, II, and aVF after anesthesia induced by all combinations. The duration and amplitude of the QRS complexes did not differ significantly between all combinations. Hedgehogs anesthetized with ketamine+midazolam revealed the highest amplitude of the QRS (0.23 mv), while in the ketamine+diazepam anesthetized group, lowest amplitude (0.18 mv) was observed. The T wave was positive in all leads except leads III and aVR. Animals anesthetized with ketamine + xylazine had the lowest amplitude (0.117 mv) and the longest duration (0.08 s) of the T waves. The findings suggest that ketamine+midazolam is the choice combination based on ECG evaluation in hedgehogs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37152,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary and Animal Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9000,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Veterinary and Animal Science","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2451943X2400067X","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Anesthesia in animals is a crucial requirement for conducting surgery, diagnostic imaging, and other procedures when the animal cannot be safely managed in a conscious state. The present study aimed to compare the impact of different anesthetic techniques on the electrocardiogram of hedgehogs. The animals were given three different anesthetic combinations: ketamine + xylazine, ketamine + diazepam, and ketamine + midazolam. The study measured the heart rate, duration, and amplitude of the P wave, QRS complex, and T wave through bipolar II derivations. Normal sinus rhythm was observed following induction by all anaesthetic combinations; however, the combination of ketamine and xylazine resulted in a significant decrease in heart rate. The P wave was positive with different combinations of anesthetics. The mean amplitude of the P wave in hedgehogs anesthetized using ketamine+xylazine was significantly lower than when using ketamine+diazepam and ketamine+midazolam. The QRS polarity was positive in leads I, II, and aVF after anesthesia induced by all combinations. The duration and amplitude of the QRS complexes did not differ significantly between all combinations. Hedgehogs anesthetized with ketamine+midazolam revealed the highest amplitude of the QRS (0.23 mv), while in the ketamine+diazepam anesthetized group, lowest amplitude (0.18 mv) was observed. The T wave was positive in all leads except leads III and aVR. Animals anesthetized with ketamine + xylazine had the lowest amplitude (0.117 mv) and the longest duration (0.08 s) of the T waves. The findings suggest that ketamine+midazolam is the choice combination based on ECG evaluation in hedgehogs.
当动物无法在清醒状态下安全地进行手术、诊断成像和其他程序时,对动物进行麻醉是一项至关重要的要求。本研究旨在比较不同麻醉技术对刺猬心电图的影响。动物被注射了三种不同的麻醉组合:氯胺酮+恶嗪、氯胺酮+地西泮和氯胺酮+咪达唑仑。研究通过双极 II 衍射测量了心率、持续时间以及 P 波、QRS 波和 T 波的振幅。所有麻醉组合在诱导后都能观察到正常的窦性心律;但氯胺酮和异丙嗪的组合会导致心率显著下降。不同麻醉剂组合的 P 波均为阳性。使用氯胺酮+恶嗪麻醉刺猬时,P波的平均振幅明显低于氯胺酮+地西泮和氯胺酮+咪达唑仑。所有组合麻醉后,I、II 和 aVF 导联的 QRS 极性均为正性。QRS波群的持续时间和振幅在所有组合中没有显著差异。使用氯胺酮+咪达唑仑麻醉的刺猬的QRS波幅最高(0.23 mv),而氯胺酮+地西泮麻醉组的QRS波幅最低(0.18 mv)。除 III 和 aVR 导联外,所有导联的 T 波均为阳性。氯胺酮+恶嗪麻醉组动物的T波振幅最低(0.117 mv),持续时间最长(0.08 s)。研究结果表明,根据刺猬的心电图评估,氯胺酮+咪达唑仑是最佳的麻醉组合。