Visualization of commuting areas and examination of jobs-housing balance with the adoption of excess commuting

IF 6 1区 经济学 Q1 URBAN STUDIES
Bing Sheng Wu, Tzu-Chi Chieh
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Abstract

Rapid urban growth extends the boundaries of urbanized areas and makes people spend extra travel cost on the journey to work. Scholars have examined commuting behaviors between residence and work places within a region, and suggested the conceptual theory of jobs-housing balance to evaluate if there are sufficient job opportunities for residents in the region. A quantitative measurement of excess commuting is proposed to reflect the degree of jobs-house balance. However, current studies focus on the evaluation of excess commuting and the causality of spatial restructuring between residence and workplace, the spatial extend of excess commuting in an urban region is not visually delineated. In addition, conventional studies acquire static data such as statistic data or other survey data to analyze impacts of commuting patterns on urban formation. Today the emergence of spatial big data sheds light on the causality of urban commuting from higher spatial and temporal resolutions. This study aims to examine the degree of jobs-housing balance through the calculation of excess commuting and represent the spatial extent of excess commuting of Taichung metropolitan area in Taiwan. Electronic Toll Collection (ETC) data, the spatial big data which is publicly accessible in Taiwan, is introduced as the commuting data and to calculate three key parameters of excess commuting, Tmin, Tobs, and Tmax. The three parameters are used to visualize the extent of commuting zones and examine commuting patterns of Taichung metropolitan area and observe the spatial relationship between those patterns and land-use types. The evaluation of excess commuting indicates that the degree of jobs-housing imbalance in Taichung metropolitan area is similar to Los Angeles metropolis in US. The analytical results explain how ETC data can be successfully used for the calculation of excess commuting, and visualization of the extent of commuting regions. In addition, after the cluster analysis of residential areas, it is intuitive to observe spatial correlation between hot zones of residential areas and the spatial extent of theoretical maximum commuting, and shows that the scenarios of commuting can be considered as an indicator to explain the possibility of urban expansion in the future.
通勤区域的可视化和采用超额通勤后工作与住房平衡的研究
城市的快速发展扩大了城市化地区的边界,使人们在上班途中花费了额外的交通成本。学者们研究了区域内居住地与工作地之间的通勤行为,并提出了职住平衡的概念理论,以评估区域内居民是否有足够的就业机会。有学者提出了对过量通勤的量化测量方法,以反映就业-住房平衡的程度。然而,目前的研究主要集中在对过度通勤的评估以及居住地与工作地之间空间结构调整的因果关系上,城市地区过度通勤的空间延伸并没有得到直观的描述。此外,传统研究都是通过统计数据或其他调查数据等静态数据来分析通勤模式对城市形成的影响。如今,空间大数据的出现从更高的时空分辨率揭示了城市通勤的因果关系。本研究旨在通过计算过剩通勤量来检验就业与住房的平衡程度,并呈现台湾台中都会区过剩通勤量的空间范围。本研究引入台湾公开的空间大数据--电子收费站(ETC)数据作为通勤数据,并计算出过量通勤的三个关键参数:Tmin、Tobs 和 Tmax。通过这三个参数,可以直观地看出通勤区的范围,研究台中都会区的通勤模式,并观察这些模式与土地利用类型之间的空间关系。对过度通勤的评估表明,台中都会区的职住失衡程度与美国洛杉矶都会区相似。分析结果解释了如何成功利用 ETC 数据计算过量通勤,以及通勤区域范围的可视化。此外,经过居住区聚类分析,直观地观察到居住区热点区域与理论最大通勤空间范围之间的空间相关性,说明通勤情景可作为解释未来城市扩张可能性的指标。
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来源期刊
Cities
Cities URBAN STUDIES-
CiteScore
11.20
自引率
9.00%
发文量
517
期刊介绍: Cities offers a comprehensive range of articles on all aspects of urban policy. It provides an international and interdisciplinary platform for the exchange of ideas and information between urban planners and policy makers from national and local government, non-government organizations, academia and consultancy. The primary aims of the journal are to analyse and assess past and present urban development and management as a reflection of effective, ineffective and non-existent planning policies; and the promotion of the implementation of appropriate urban policies in both the developed and the developing world.
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