Impacts of forest restoration on multifaceted bird diversity and community assembly in the Loess Plateau of China

IF 3.7 2区 农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY
Dexi Zhang , Ruirui Mao , Mingxin Liu , Qian Zhou , Yizhu Wang , Xingfeng Si , Changming Zhao , Lixun Zhang
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Restoring forests is crucial for safeguarding biodiversity and providing ecosystem functions on degraded lands globally. Despite significant restoration efforts over a half-century in the Loess Plateau of China’s prominent dryland region, the impact of restored forests on biodiversity remains less understood. Unlike the abundant studies in the tropics, such understanding is urgently needed for dryland regions given that forest restoration is being scaled up. Here, we assessed the alpha- and beta-diversity of birds from taxonomic and functional dimensions in restored forests, and compared them to that of relatively undisturbed primary forests. We conducted rigorous point-count surveys and acoustic recordings during the avian breeding season in 2021 and 2023. We found that plantations have limited support for bird taxonomic and functional diversity compared to secondary and primary forests. Notably, the biodiversity inference drawn from our acoustic recordings generally supported similar conclusion of bird diversity across studied forest types. Additionally, secondary forests exhibited greater functional richness compared to plantations and contributed complementary functional trait space relative to primary forests. While nestedness dominated functional beta-diversity, spatial turnover dominated the taxonomic beta-diversity between the bird communities of restored forests and primary forests. Importantly, spatial proximity positively influenced the nestedness component of taxonomic beta-diversity, indicating that the distance of plantations to local primary forests (i.e., dispersal limitation) influenced bird community assembly during forest recovery. Overall, our findings provide insights on preserving intact primary forests, delivering biodiversity benefits of forest restoration in dryland regions, and prioritizing restoration locations only when tree planting is necessary.
森林恢复对中国黄土高原鸟类多样性和群落组合的影响
恢复森林对于保护生物多样性和为全球退化土地提供生态系统功能至关重要。尽管半个世纪以来在中国著名的干旱地区黄土高原进行了大量的森林恢复工作,但人们对恢复后的森林对生物多样性的影响仍然知之甚少。与热带地区的大量研究不同,鉴于森林恢复的规模正在不断扩大,干旱地区迫切需要这种了解。在这里,我们从分类和功能角度评估了恢复森林中鸟类的阿尔法和贝塔多样性,并与相对未受干扰的原始森林进行了比较。我们在 2021 年和 2023 年鸟类繁殖季节进行了严格的点计数调查和声学记录。我们发现,与次生林和原始森林相比,人工林对鸟类分类和功能多样性的支持有限。值得注意的是,从我们的声学记录中得出的生物多样性推断普遍支持所研究森林类型中鸟类多样性的相似结论。此外,与人工林相比,次生林表现出更高的功能丰富性,与原始林相比,次生林提供了互补的功能特征空间。虽然巢性主导了功能的贝塔多样性,但空间周转主导了恢复森林和原始森林鸟类群落之间的分类贝塔多样性。重要的是,空间邻近性对分类学贝塔多样性的嵌套性成分有积极影响,这表明人工林与当地原始森林的距离(即扩散限制)影响了森林恢复期间鸟类群落的组合。总之,我们的研究结果为保护完好的原始森林、在干旱地区实现森林恢复的生物多样性效益以及在有必要植树时优先考虑恢复地点提供了启示。
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来源期刊
Forest Ecology and Management
Forest Ecology and Management 农林科学-林学
CiteScore
7.50
自引率
10.80%
发文量
665
审稿时长
39 days
期刊介绍: Forest Ecology and Management publishes scientific articles linking forest ecology with forest management, focusing on the application of biological, ecological and social knowledge to the management and conservation of plantations and natural forests. The scope of the journal includes all forest ecosystems of the world. A peer-review process ensures the quality and international interest of the manuscripts accepted for publication. The journal encourages communication between scientists in disparate fields who share a common interest in ecology and forest management, bridging the gap between research workers and forest managers. We encourage submission of papers that will have the strongest interest and value to the Journal''s international readership. Some key features of papers with strong interest include: 1. Clear connections between the ecology and management of forests; 2. Novel ideas or approaches to important challenges in forest ecology and management; 3. Studies that address a population of interest beyond the scale of single research sites, Three key points in the design of forest experiments, Forest Ecology and Management 255 (2008) 2022-2023); 4. Review Articles on timely, important topics. Authors are welcome to contact one of the editors to discuss the suitability of a potential review manuscript. The Journal encourages proposals for special issues examining important areas of forest ecology and management. Potential guest editors should contact any of the Editors to begin discussions about topics, potential papers, and other details.
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