Effects of open-skill and closed-skill exercise on subthreshold depression in female adolescents: A randomized controlled trial

IF 5.3 1区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL

International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI:10.1016/j.ijchp.2024.100512

Qian Gu , Xingzhong Zhao , Lili Lin , Wei-Peng Teo , Libin Liu , Shiwei Yuan

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Abstract

Background

Subthreshold depression (SD) affects a significant proportion of adolescent females, posing a risk of major depression in later life. This study examines the effects of open-skill exercise (OSE) and closed-skill exercise (CSE) on SD, executive function (EF), and emotional states in female adolescents.

Methods

A double-blind randomized controlled trial involved 95 female adolescents (mean age = 16.73 ± 0.42 years) with SD symptoms. Participants were assigned to OSE, CSE, or control (CON) groups and underwent an 8-week exercise program. Primary outcomes were assessed using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-13) and the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), with secondary outcomes including EF tasks and emotional assessments. Differences were examined using generalized linear mixed models with intention-to-treat and multiple imputation.

Results

Both OSE and CSE significantly reduced depressive symptoms, with CSE showing greater improvement. EF assessments showed enhanced cognitive flexibility and working memory in both exercise groups at 4 weeks, and superior inhibitory control and cognitive flexibility in the CSE group at 8 weeks. Emotional assessments indicated a notable reduction in negative emotions in the CSE group after 8 weeks.

Conclusions

Both OSE and CSE reduce SD symptoms in female adolescents, with CSE providing more sustained benefits for EF and emotional states. Further research on exercise interventions for mental health is warranted.

Trial registration number: ChiCTR2400081139

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开放式技能锻炼和封闭式技能锻炼对女性青少年阈下抑郁的影响：随机对照试验

背景阈下抑郁症（SD）影响着很大一部分青少年女性，并为她们日后的生活带来了患上重度抑郁症的风险。本研究探讨了开放式技能锻炼（OSE）和封闭式技能锻炼（CSE）对女性青少年的阈值下抑郁、执行功能（EF）和情绪状态的影响。方法一项双盲随机对照试验涉及 95 名有阈值下抑郁症状的女性青少年（平均年龄 = 16.73 ± 0.42 岁）。参与者被分配到 OSE 组、CSE 组或对照组（CON），并接受为期 8 周的锻炼计划。主要结果采用贝克抑郁量表（BDI-13）和流行病学研究中心抑郁量表（CES-D）进行评估，次要结果包括EF任务和情绪评估。结果OSE和CSE都能显著减轻抑郁症状，其中CSE的改善幅度更大。EF评估显示，在4周时，两个锻炼组的认知灵活性和工作记忆能力都有所提高，而在8周时，CSE组的抑制控制能力和认知灵活性更胜一筹。结论：OSE 和 CSE 都能减轻女性青少年的 SD 症状，其中 CSE 对 EF 和情绪状态的改善更为持久。有必要对运动干预心理健康进行进一步研究：试验注册号：ChiCTR2400081139

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL-

CiteScore

10.70

自引率

5.70%

发文量

审稿时长

33 days

期刊介绍： The International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology is dedicated to publishing manuscripts with a strong emphasis on both basic and applied research, encompassing experimental, clinical, and theoretical contributions that advance the fields of Clinical and Health Psychology. With a focus on four core domains—clinical psychology and psychotherapy, psychopathology, health psychology, and clinical neurosciences—the IJCHP seeks to provide a comprehensive platform for scholarly discourse and innovation. The journal accepts Original Articles (empirical studies) and Review Articles. Manuscripts submitted to IJCHP should be original and not previously published or under consideration elsewhere. All signing authors must unanimously agree on the submitted version of the manuscript. By submitting their work, authors agree to transfer their copyrights to the Journal for the duration of the editorial process.