Haemoprotozoan and haemorickettsial carrier status in pet and community owned dogs of south India

IF 1.4 Q3 PARASITOLOGY

Veterinary parasitology, regional studies and reports Pub Date : 2024-10-18 DOI:10.1016/j.vprsr.2024.101137

Gatchanda Shravan Kumar , Anju Varghese, Christophe Angeline Felicia Bora , Prabodh Kumar Hembram, Chundayil Kalarickal Deepa, Karapparambu Gopalan Ajith Kumar, Reghu Ravindran

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Abstract

The increasing population of dogs and changes in the climatic conditions have resulted in the emergence and re-emergence of vector-borne diseases in canines. These vectors borne diseases in canines pose a diagnostic challenge to the field veterinarians because of co-infections with several pathogens. Comprehensive data on the prevalence of haemoparasites and haemorickettsiales in pet and community owned dogs from south India are scant. Hence, the present study aims to find and compare the prevalence of these infections in the pet and the community owned dogs of Kerala, a south Indian state. Two hundred and seventy-two pets and 150 community owned dogs were examined by microscopy and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for infections with different heamoparasites and haemorickettsials from January 2018–November 2020 in the state of Kerala. A high prevalence of Babesia gibsoni infection (42.2–60.0 %) in pet and community owned dogs, followed by Babesia vogeli (5.8–39.3 %), Hepatozoon canis (0.7–28.0 %), Trypanosoma evansi (0.0–27.3 %), Ehrlichia canis (0.3–0.6 %) and Anaplasma platys (0.0–0.6 %) was observed in the present study. Eighty-eight per cent (132/150) of the community owned dogs and 49.2 % (134/272) of the pet dogs were positive for at least one pathogen. Phylogenetic analysis based on the partial nucleotide sequences of 18S rRNA and TRAP gene of B. gibsoni, 18S rRNA genes of B. vogeli and H. canis and RoTat, 1.2 virB9 and 16S rRNA genes of T. evansi, E. canis and A. platys, respectively was carried out. B. vogeli, H. canis, E. canis and A. platys revealed genetic relatedness between the Indian isolates and the isolates from other countries. However, B. gibsoni isolates from the Indian sub-continent were genetically unique compared to other Asian isolates. The clustering of T. evansi isolates from India in two clades viz., livestock origin (cattle, buffalo) and others indicated their genetic variability. The present study summarizes the prevalence of some of the haemoparasites and haemorickettsials in the dog populations of Kerala (south India) and also determined their genetic relationship with the isolates prevalent in dogs in other countries.

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印度南部宠物狗和社区饲养的狗体内的血液原虫和血立克次体携带者状况

狗的数量不断增加和气候条件的变化导致了犬病媒传染病的出现和再次出现。这些病媒传染的疾病会同时感染多种病原体，因此给现场兽医的诊断工作带来了挑战。有关印度南部宠物狗和社区养狗中血寄生虫和血立克次体流行情况的综合数据很少。因此，本研究旨在发现和比较这些感染在印度南部喀拉拉邦的宠物狗和社区养狗中的流行情况。2018 年 1 月至 2020 年 11 月期间，通过显微镜和聚合酶链式反应（PCR）对喀拉拉邦的 272 只宠物狗和 150 只社区养狗进行了检查，以确定它们是否感染了不同的寄生虫和血吸虫。本研究观察到，宠物狗和社区养狗的吉布森巴贝虫感染率较高（42.2%-60.0%），其次是沃格利巴贝虫（5.8%-39.3%）、犬肝吸虫（0.7%-28.0%）、埃文斯锥虫（0.0%-27.3%）、犬艾氏杆菌（0.3%-0.6%）和板疽（0.0%-0.6%）。88%的社区养狗（132/150）和 49.2%的宠物狗（134/272）至少有一种病原体呈阳性。根据 B. gibsoni 的 18S rRNA 和 TRAP 基因、B. vogeli 和 H. canis 的 18S rRNA 基因以及 T. evansi、E. canis 和 A. platys 的 RoTat、1.2 virB9 和 16S rRNA 基因的部分核苷酸序列，分别进行了系统发育分析。B. vogeli、H. canis、E. canis 和 A. platys 表明印度分离物与其他国家分离物之间存在遗传亲缘关系。然而，与其他亚洲分离物相比，印度次大陆的 B. gibsoni 分离物在基因上是独特的。来自印度的 T. evansi 分离物分为两个支系，即家畜源（牛、水牛）支系和其他支系，这表明它们具有遗传变异性。本研究总结了喀拉拉邦（印度南部）狗群中一些血吸虫和血立克次体的流行情况，并确定了它们与其他国家狗中流行的分离物之间的遗传关系。

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来源期刊

Veterinary parasitology, regional studies and reports Multiple-

CiteScore

2.90

自引率

7.10%

发文量

126

审稿时长

97 days

期刊介绍： Veterinary Parasitology: Regional Studies and Reports focuses on aspects of veterinary parasitology that are of regional concern, which is especially important in this era of climate change and the rapid and often unconstrained travel of people and animals. Relative to regions, this journal will accept papers of the highest quality dealing with all aspects of disease prevention, pathology, treatment, epidemiology, and control of parasites within the field of veterinary medicine. Also, case reports will be considered as they add to information related to local disease and its control; such papers must be concise and represent appropriate medical intervention. Papers on veterinary parasitology from wildlife species are acceptable, but only if they relate to the practice of veterinary medicine. Studies on vector-borne bacterial and viral agents are suitable, but only if the paper deals with vector transmission of these organisms to domesticated animals. Studies dealing with parasite control by means of natural products, both in vivo and in vitro, are more suited for one of the many journals that now specialize in papers of this type. However, due to the regional nature of much of this research, submissions may be considered based upon a case being made by the author(s) to the Editor. Circumstances relating to animal experimentation must meet the International Guiding Principles for Biomedical Research Involving Animals as issued by the Council for International Organizations of Medical Sciences (obtainable from: Executive Secretary C.I.O.M.S., c/o W.H.O., Via Appia, CH-1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland).